1. Objective, task and investigation, methods of pathology

Question 1

Pathology is the study of:

Answer 1

functional and morphological changes in the body during disease

Question 2

Diagnostic pathology - ?

Answer 2

to determine the cause of death or to explain decreased production

Question 3

Surgical pathology

Answer 3

histological examination of surgically excised tissue specimens

not only facilitates diagnosis and prognosis for a living animal but also can be the basis for therapy

Question 4

Experimental pathology

Answer 4

investigation with the goal of correlating morphological changes with clinical, functional,and biochemical parameters to elucidate the mechanisms of disease

Question 5

Immunohistochemistry - ?

Answer 5

technique that exploits the specific binding between an antibody and antigen to detect and localize specific antigens in cells and tissue, most commonly detected and examined with the light microscope.

Question 6

General pathology - ?

Answer 6

study of the reaction of cells or tissues to injury with a focus on the mechanisms of that response

Question 7

Basic changes in general pathology:

Answer 7

1. Circulatory disturbances
2. Regressive changes
3. Proliferative changes
4. Inflammations
5. Tumors
6. Developmental anomalies

Question 8

Special pathology/systemic pathology:

Answer 8

characteristic changes caused by well defined diseases, grouped according to organ systems

Question 9

Forensic pathology

Answer 9

to determine the nature of death from a legal perspective

Question 10

Comparative pathology

Answer 10

compares specific human pathologies with those seen in natural animal models

Question 11

Methods to recognize/investigate the disease:

Answer 11

1. Autopsy (sectio cadaveris)

Supplementary investigation methods:
1. Histopathology
2. Immunohistochemistry
3. Electron microscopic investigations
4. Toxicological, parasitological, bacteriological, virological investigations
5. Molecular biological investigations, (q)PCR,sequence determination, next generation sequencings

Question 12

FFPE - ?

Answer 12

formalin fixed paraffin embedded

Question 13

Goal of Ziel-Neelsem staining - ?

Answer 13

to detect fast-acid pathogenes, mainly Mycobacterium (causes tuberculosis)

Question 14

Goal of Perls staining - ?

Answer 14

to detect any ferric overload

Question 15

Autopsy procedure

Answer 15

1. Dissection of the carcass
2. Using sensory organs (vision, palpation, smelling, hearing)
3. Collecting visible changes (microscopical examination)
4. Photodocumentation

Question 16

Pathognomonic changes

Answer 16

change that reveals cause of the death

(heart infarct, pyonephros, gastric torsion, intestinal rupture etc.)