000. NORMAL ORGAN DESCRIPTION !!!

Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Answer 1

brownred, structure recognizable, medium
moisture content, it can be torn with medium
effort

Question 2

Serous membranes in general

Answer 2

brownred, structure recognizable, medium
moisture content, it can be torn with medium
effort

Question 3

Subcutaneous connective tissue

Answer 3

medium fat infiltration, colour is specific to
species, intact

Question 4

Lymph nodes

Answer 4

normal shape and size, greyishwhite, firmly
elastic, moveable in environment, cutsurface:
pale greyishwhite, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content

Question 5

Abdomen

Answer 5

intact, medium tight, location of abdominal
organs is normal, there is no pathologic free
content in the cavity, the parietal and visceral
layer is smooth, shiny, transparent

Question 6

Spleen

Answer 6

normal shape and size, dark red, flaccid,
wrinkled capsule, CS: dark red, structure
recognizable, medium moisture content, the
pulp can be scraped with medium effort
su: light red, lengthwise elongated, cross-
section is triangle shaped

Question 7

Liver

Answer 7

normal shape and size, brownred, smooth
capsule, medium firm consistency, CS:
brownred, structure recognizable, medium
moisture content, it can be torn with medium
effort
su: light brownred

Question 8

Kidney

Answer 8

normal shape and size, brownred, smooth
surface, firm, CS: the cortex is brownred, the
medulla is pale gray to tan, the cortex and the
medulla are well separated (normal
cortex:medulla ratio: 1:2 to 1:3), medium
moisture content, medium wide pelvis, the
cortex can be torn with medium effort, the
capsule can be peeled off easily

Question 9

Adrenal gland

Answer 9

normal shape and size, CS: structure well
recognizable, the cortex and the medulla are
well separated (normal cortex:medulla:cortex
ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of
sectioning), medium moisture content

Question 10

Genitals

Answer 10

testis: in the scrotum, normal shape and size,
tightly elastic, smooth and shiny surface, CS:
bulging, finely uneven, shiny, structure
recognizable

Question 11

Thorax

Answer 11

diaphragm: tight, concave from abdomen
pleura: smooth, shiny, transparent

Question 12

Tongue

Answer 12

normal shape and size, flaccid, soft, intact
mucous membrane, CS: structure of muscle
recognizable, it can be torn with medium effort

Question 13

Esophagus

Answer 13

mucous membrane: greyishwhite, longitudinal
folds, shiny

Question 14

Thyroid gland

Answer 14

normal shape and size, dark brown, CS: dark
brown, finely granular, shiny

Question 15

Lungs

Answer 15

normal shape and size, pale brick red, smooth,
shiny and transparent pleura, softly elastic
superficial and deep consistency, crepitating
when cut, CS: pale brick red, medium moisture
content, medium airbubble content of the fluid

Question 16

Hear

Answer 16

valve: thin, membraneous, intact edge, they
can be lifted up from their base
chordae tendineae: tight, smooth surface,
adhere well to papillary muscles
pericardium: smooth, shiny, transparent,
moderately infiltrated with fat
epi- and endocardium: smooth, shiny,
transparent
myocardium: brownred, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content, it can be torn with
medium effort

Question 17

Brain

Answer 17

Pachymeninx (dura mater): a thick, opaque
layer
Leptomeninges (arachnoid mater and pia
mater): transparent, shiny, vessels are medium
wide
ependyma: greyishwhite, smooth, shiny

Question 18

Joint

Answer 18

synovia: small amount, colourless/yellowish,
slightly viscous

Question 19

Mammary gland/udder

Answer 19

normal shape, normal size referring to
functional state, flaccid/pliantly soft
consistency, hard to cut (parenchyma moves
away from knife), CS: yellowishwhite/pale
rosered, shiny, well recognizable lobular
structure, quality and quantity of content is
normal referring to functional state