1. Situation and vessels of the heart

Question 1

Where in thoracic cavity is the heart situated?

Answer 1

In the Pericardium, in the pericardial sac.

Question 2

The heart is covered by 2 parts, which?

Answer 2

1. Fibrosum: External part

2. Serosum: Underneath

Question 3

The serosum covering the heart can further be divided into?

Answer 3

Divided into 2 laminae’s:

1) Laminae parietalis
2) Laminae visceralis or also called Epicard

• Laminae’s visceralis lays directly on the heart

Question 4

What’s cavuum pericardi?

Answer 4

• It’s a cavity btw the two laminae serosum

- Containing a liquid imp for the movement of the heart , called Cavuum pericardi

Question 5

What’s the layers of the heart wall called?

Answer 5

1) Endocardium: Inner surface of heart
2) Middle part, muscle wall
3) Epicardium: External surface

Question 6

Describe the Pleura Pericardiaca

Answer 6

1. Found inside of thoracic cavity covering the heart
2. Covers the wall and organs of thoracic cavity
3. Directly on the Pericardium, on the heart.
   (Heart and pericardium lies inside of the Pleura)

• Pericardium (sac of the heart) is situated underneath the Pleura

Question 7

What’s so special with the heart?

Answer 7

That the heart has it’s own blood supply with arteries and veins
= the coronary arteries

Question 8

The coronary vessels of the heart supply it with nutrition and blood, but which part of the heart?

Answer 8

It’s responsible for supplying the Myocardium of the heart

Question 9

What’s the origin of the two coronary arteries?

Answer 9

On bulbus aortae of Aorta ascendens.

Btw the valvula semilunaris sinistra et dextra

Question 10

What’s the two coronary arteries imp for?

Answer 10

Responisble for supplying the heart, with eg. nutrition

Question 11

Where’s a. coronaria dextra situated and what’s it’s branches?
What’s the interspecie differences?

Answer 11

The a. coronaria dextra runs above ventriculus dexter and divide into

• r. circumflexus dexter: Continues in sulcus coronarius dexter
• r. interventricularis subsinosus: continues in sulcus interventricularis subsinosus
• r. interventricularis subsinosus is absent in Car, Ru and instead belong as a 3rd branch to a. coronaria sinistra

Question 12

Where’s a. coronaria sinistra situated and what’s it’s branches?
What’s the interspecie differences?

Answer 12

The a. coronaria sinistra continues after the bulbus aortae origin through the truncus pulmonalis and auricula sinistra into:

• r. circumflexus sinister: Continues in sulcus coronarius
• r. interventricularis paraconalis: Lies in sulcus interventricularis paraconalis
• In Car, Ru: r. interventricularis subsinosus is a 3rd branch of coronaria sinistra

Question 13

What’s the differences specie wise with the coronary arteries?

Answer 13

1. In Eq, Sus: The a. coronaria dextra et sinistra has 2 branches each:
   * a. coronaria dextra:
   - r. circumflexus dexter
   - r. interventricularis subsinosus

• a. coronaria sinistra:
• r. circumflexus sinister
• r. interventricularis paraconalis

2. In Car, Ru
   * a. coronaria dextra: Only 1 branch
   - r. circumflexus dexter

• a. coronaria sinistra:
• r. circumflexus sinistra
• r. interventricularis paraconalis
• r. interventricularis subsinosus

Question 14

What’s the biggest vein of the left side and how does it run?

Answer 14

• v. cordis magna

Runs on the left side and starts in the sulcus interventricularis paraconalis

Question 15

What’s the biggest vein of the right side and how does it run?

Answer 15

• v. cordis media

Runs on the right side and starts in the sulcus interventricularis paraconalis

Question 16

Which veins are the main vessels of the hearts own vessels?

Answer 16

v. cordis magna and v. cordis media

Question 17

What’s sinus coronarius?

Answer 17

It’s the fusion of the v. cordis magna/media on the right side of the heart

Question 18

Which vein enters the right atrium and drains the two atriums?

Answer 18

• Sinus coronarius (fusion of the two v. cordis magna/media, enters the right atrium
  Independently enters and drains blood from the heart wall
• vv. cordis minimae: Drains atrium dextrum
• vv. cordis dextrae: Drains atrium sinistrum

Question 19

What’s the function of the so called skeleton of the heart?

Answer 19

To reinforce the right shape of the heart ostiums.

Question 20

What’s anulus fibrosus dexter et sinister and where can it be found?

Answer 20

1. Fibrous tissue, ring structure of right and left side of the heart. (Imp for the ostium’s shape)
2. Found in the 2 ostiums;
   - Ostium atrioventriculare dextrum
   - Ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum

Question 21

What can be found within the Ostium aortae?

Answer 21

An anulus aorticus

Question 22

What can be found within Ostium trunci pulmonalis?

Answer 22

Anulus trunci pulmonalis

Question 23

What’s the fibrous tissue called that can be found between the valves of the heart?

Answer 23

Trigonum fibrosum dextrum et sinistrum

Question 24

What’s the structure that only Eq, Ca, Sus has?

Where can it be found?

Answer 24

• It’s called cartilago cordis

- Lays in the Trigonum fibrosum dextrum et sinistrum ( fibrous tissue ) , close to the Anulus fibrosus of aorta

Question 25

Which specie/species has the cartilago cordis and what is it’s function?

Answer 25

Car, Eq and Sus.

Help with giving the heart it’s shape

Question 26

Which specie/species has the ossa cordis?

Answer 26

Only Bo

- Help with giving the heart it’s shape

Question 27

What’s the structure typical for Bovine in the trigonum fibrosum and what is it?

Answer 27

• Ossa cordis

- The so called heart-bone that’s cross-road situated btw the 4 chambers, in the Anulus fibrosus of aorta

Question 28

Which are the 4 anulus of the heart?

Answer 28

1-2: Anulus fibrosus dexter et sinister

3. Anulus aorticus
4. Anulus trunci pulmonalis