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USMLE Buzzwords > 1-200 > Flashcards

1-200 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is associated with: Starry sky pattern?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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2
Q

Which organ most commonly recieves mets?

A

Adrenal gland (rich blood supply)

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3
Q

What is the most common testicular tumor in children? in Men?

A

Yolk sac tumor, Seminoma

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4
Q

What is associated with: Auer’s rods?

A

Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)-M3

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5
Q

What is associated with: Aschoff’s bodies?

A

Rheumatic fever

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6
Q

What is associated with: Birbeck granules?

A

Histiocytosis X

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7
Q

What is associated with: Neurofibrillary tangles?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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8
Q

What is associated with: Bence-Jones proteinuria?

A

Multiple myeloma

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9
Q

What is associated with: Cal-Exner bodies?

A

Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary

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10
Q

What is associated with: Cowdry type A bodies?

A

Herpes virus

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11
Q

What is associated with: Codman’s triangle on an x-ray?

A

Osteosarcoma

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12
Q

What is associated with: Councilman bodies?

A

Toxic or viral hepatitis

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13
Q

What is associated with: Calf pseudohypertrophy?

A

Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy

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14
Q

What is associated with: Reed-Sternberg cells?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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15
Q

What is associated with: Heinz bodies?

A

G-6-PD deficiency

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16
Q

What is associated with: Homer-Wright rosettes?

A

Neuroblastoma

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17
Q

What is associated with: Curschmann’s spirals?

A

Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)

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18
Q

What is associated with: Kayser-Fleischer rings?

A

Wilson’s disease

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19
Q

What is associated with: Lewy bodies?

A

Parkinson’s disease

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20
Q

What is associated with: Orphan Annie cells?

A

Papillary carcinoma of the ovary

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21
Q

What is associated with: Russell bodies?

A

Multiple myeloma

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22
Q

What is associated with: Reinke’s crystals?

A

Leydig cell tumor

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23
Q

What is associated with: Blue sclera?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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24
Q

What is associated with: Soap-bubble appearance on an x-ray?

A

Giant cell tumor of the bone

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25
Q

What is associated with: Pseudorosettes?

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

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26
Q

What is associated with: Lucid interval?

A

Epidural hematoma

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27
Q

What is associated with: Bloody tap on lumbar puncture?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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28
Q

What is associated with: Pseudopalisades?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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29
Q

What is associated with: Charcot-Leyden crystals?

A

Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)

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30
Q

What is associated with: Cafe au fait spot on the skin?

A

Neurofibromatosis

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31
Q

What is associated with: Streaky ovaries?

A

Turner’s syndrome

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32
Q

What is associated with: Keratin pearls?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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33
Q

What is associated with: Signet ring cells?

A

Gastric carcinoma

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34
Q

What is associated with: Mallory’s bodies?

A

Chronic alcoholism

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35
Q

What is associated with: Blue-domed cysts?

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

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36
Q

What is associated with: Schiller-Duval bodies?

A

Yolk sac tumor

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37
Q

What is associated with: Senile plaques?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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38
Q

What is associated with: WBCs in the urine?

A

Acute cystitis

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39
Q

What is associated with: RBCs in the urine?

A

Bladder carcinoma

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40
Q

What is associated with: RBC casts in the urine?

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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41
Q

What is associated with: WBC casts in the urine?

A

Acute pyelonephritis

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42
Q

What is associated with: Renal epithelial casts in the urine?

A

Acute toxic or viral nephrosis

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43
Q

What is associated with: Waxy casts?

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

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44
Q

What is the most common: Cause of chronic metal poisoning?

A

Lead

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45
Q

What is the most common: Cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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46
Q

What is the most common: Congenital cardiac anomaly?

A

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

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47
Q

What is the most common: Cardiac tumor?

A

Left atrial myxoma

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48
Q

What is the most common: Vasculitis?

A

Temporal arteritis

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49
Q

What is the most common: Primary tumor of the liver?

A

Hemangioma (benign)

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50
Q

What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the lungs?

A

Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)

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51
Q

What is the most common: Cause of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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52
Q

What is the most common: cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

Lipoid nephrosis

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53
Q

What is the most common: Organism that causes pyelonephritis?

A

Escherichia coli

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54
Q

What is the most common: Renal cell cancer type?

A

Clear cell

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55
Q

What is the most common: Tumor of the liver?

A

Metastatic cancer (GI, breast, lungs)

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56
Q

What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the esophagus?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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57
Q

What is the most common: Tumor arising within the bone?

A

Multiple myeloma

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58
Q

What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the world?

A

Cervical neoplasia

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59
Q

What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the US?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix

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60
Q

What is the most common: Tumor of the female genitourinary tract?

A

Leiomyoma

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61
Q

What is the most common: Benign tumor of the ovary?

A

Serocystadenoma

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62
Q

What is the most common: Benign tumor of the breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

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63
Q

What is the most common: Benign lesion that affects the breast?

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

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64
Q

What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the breast?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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65
Q

What is the most common: Tumor in men between the ages of 15 and 35?

A

Testicular tumors

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66
Q

What is the most common: Germ cell tumor in men?

A

Seminoma

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67
Q

What is the most common: Testicular tumor in infants and children?

A

Yolk sac tumor

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68
Q

What is the most common: Malignant germ cell tumor in women?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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69
Q

What is the most common: Solid tumor in the body?

A

Nephroblastoma

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70
Q

What is the most common: Acquired GI emergency of infancy?

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis of infancy

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71
Q

What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the ovary?

A

Serocystadenocarcinoma

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72
Q

What is the most common: Cardiac tumor of infancy?

A

Rhabdomyoma

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73
Q

What is the most common: Acute metal poisoning?

A

Arsenic

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74
Q

What is the most common: Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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75
Q

What is the most common: Malignant tumor in the bone of teenagers?

A

Osteosarcoma

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76
Q

What is the most common: Site of a cerebral infarct?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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77
Q

What is the most common: Cause of dementia between the ages of 60 and 90 years?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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78
Q

What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in adults?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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79
Q

What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in children?

A

Medullablastoma

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80
Q

What is the most common: Tumor on sun-exposed sites?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

81
Q

What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder?

A

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

82
Q

What is the most common: Heart defect in Down syndrome?

A

Endocardial cushion defect

83
Q

What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder involving sex chromosomes?

A

Kleinfelter’s syndrome

84
Q

What is the most common: Cardiac pathology in patients with SLE?

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

85
Q

What is the most common: Cause of urinary tract obstruction?

A

BPH

86
Q

What is the most common: Eye tumor in children?

A

Retinoblastoma

87
Q

What is the most common: Intraspinal tumor?

A

Ependymoma

88
Q

What is the most common: Lymph node affected in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Periaortic lymph nodes

89
Q

What is the most common: Renal pathology in patients with SLE?

A

Diffuse proliferative GN

90
Q

What is the most common: Cause of cirrhosis in the USA?

A

Alcohol

91
Q

What is the most common: Malignant tumor in women?

A

Breast

92
Q

What is the most common: Cancer of the vulva?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

93
Q

What is the most common: Testicular tumor in children?

A

Yolk sac tumor

94
Q

What is the most common: Benign GI tumor?

A

Leiomyoma

95
Q

What is the most common: Thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary carcinoma

96
Q

What is the most common: Malignancy in children?

A

ALL

97
Q

What is the most common: Cause of diarrhea in children?

A

Rotavirus

98
Q

What is the most common: Cause of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year of age?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

99
Q

What is the most common: Helminthic parasite worldwide?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

100
Q

What is the most common: Cause of anovulation?

A

Polycystic ovaries

101
Q

What is the most common: Cause of death in neonates?

A

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

102
Q

What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in children?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

103
Q

What is the most common: Congenital heart defect in adults?

A

Atrial septal defect (ASD)

104
Q

What is the most common: Complication of PDA?

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

105
Q

What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in Turner’s syndrome?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

106
Q

What is the most common: Cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Amyloidosis

107
Q

What is the most common: Cause of pulmonary hypertension in children?

A

VSD

108
Q

What is the most common: Cause of reversible hypertension in the USA?

A

Alcohol abuse

109
Q

What is the most common: Inflammatory arthritis?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

110
Q

What is the most common: Cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Emphysematous bleb

111
Q

What is the most common: Cause of nonorganic pneumoconiosis?

A

Asbestosis

112
Q

What is the most common: Cause of painless hematuria?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

113
Q

What is the most common: Cause of hematuria?

A

Infection

114
Q

What is the most common: Hematologic cause of papillary necrosis?

A

Sickle cell disease

115
Q

What is the most common: Organ involved in amyloidosis?

A

Kidney

116
Q

What is the most common: Cause of abnormal bleeding?

A

Thrombocytopenia

117
Q

What is the most common: Cause of a nontraumatic splenic rupture?

A

Malaria

118
Q

What is the most common: Cause of death in SLE?

A

Renal failure

119
Q

What is the most common: Cause of infection for a patient on a ventilator?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

120
Q

What is the most common: Esophageal carcinoma?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

121
Q

What is the most common: Cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol abuse

122
Q

What is the most common: Cause of infectious pancreatitis?

A

Mumps

123
Q

What is the most common: Complication of nasogastric tube feeding?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

124
Q

What is the most common learning disability?

A

Dyslexia

125
Q

What is the most common: Cause of insomnia?

A

Depression

126
Q

What is the most common: Form of necrosis?

A

Coagulative

127
Q

What is the most common: Cause of blindness worldwide?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

128
Q

What is the most common: Cause of blindness in the USA?

A

Diabetes mellitus

129
Q

What is the most common: Cause of the croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

130
Q

What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the winter and summer?

A

Coronavirus

131
Q

What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the spring and fall?

A

Rhinovirus

132
Q

What is the most common: Cause of viral pneumonia leading to death?

A

RSV

133
Q

What is the most common: Pituitary tumor?

A

Chromophobe adenoma

134
Q

What is the most common: Cause of panhypopituitarism?

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

135
Q

What is the most common: Cause of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Pituitary adenoma

136
Q

What is the most common: Kidney stone type?

A

Calcium oxalate

137
Q

What is the most common: Site of ischemia in the GI tract?

A

Splenic flexure

138
Q

What is the most common: Cause of intestinal obstructions in adults?

A

Adhesions and hernias

139
Q

What is the most common: Cause of neonatal bowel obstruction?

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

140
Q

What is the most common: Cause of rectal bleeding?

A

Diverticulosis

141
Q

What chromosomal translocation is associated with: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML?

A

Chromosome 9,22 (Philadelphia chromosome)

142
Q

What chromosome: Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

Chromosome 11,22

143
Q

What chromosome: Adult familial polyposis?

A

Chromosome 5,21

144
Q

What chromosome: Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Chromosome 8,14

145
Q

What chromosome: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)?

A

Chromosome 15,17

146
Q

What chromosome: Follicular lymphoma?

A

Chromosome 14,18

147
Q

What chromosome is associated with: Cru di chat?

A

Chromosome 5p

148
Q

What chromosome: Patau’s syndrome?

A

Chromosome 13

149
Q

What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis I?

A

Chromosome 17

150
Q

What chromosome: Huntington’s disease?

A

Chromosome 4p

151
Q

What chromosome: Familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Chromosome 19

152
Q

What chromosome: Gaucher’s disease?

A

Chromosome 1

153
Q

What chromosome: Neimann-Pick disease?

A

Chromosome 11p

154
Q

What chromosome: Tay-Sachs disease?

A

Chromosome 15q

155
Q

What chromosome: Cystic fibrosis?

A

Chromosome 7

156
Q

What chromosome: Albinism?

A

Chromosome llp

157
Q

What chromosome: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?

A

Chromosome 12

158
Q

What chromosome: Marfan’s disease?

A

Chromosome 15

159
Q

What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis II?

A

Chromosome 22q

160
Q

What chromosome: Down syndrome?

A

Chromosome 21

161
Q

What chromosome: Edward’s syndrome?

A

Chromosome 18

162
Q

What mineral is associated with impaired glucose tolerance?

A

Chromium (Cr)

163
Q

What mineral is associated with hypothyroidism?

A

Iodine (I)

164
Q

What mineral is an important component of the enzyme xanthine oxidase?

A

Molybdenum (Mb)

165
Q

What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: angular stomatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis?

A

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency

166
Q

What vitamin is a component of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)?

A

Thymine (Bl)

167
Q

Avidin decreases the absorption of what vitamin?

A

Biotin. Avidin is found in raw egg whites.

168
Q

What are the four Ds of niacin deficiency?

A
  1. Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death
169
Q

What mineral is an important component of glutathione peroxidase?

A

Selenium (Se)

170
Q

What mineral deficiency in children is associated with poor growth and impaired sexual development?

A

Zinc (Zn) deficiency

171
Q

What mineral, via excessive depositions in the liver, causes hemochromatosis?

A

Iron (Fe)

172
Q

What vitamin is needed in the production of heme?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

173
Q

What vitamin is a component of the enzymes fatty acid synthase and acyl CoA?

A

Pantothenic acid

174
Q

What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: homocysteinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?

A

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency [Folic acid deficiency has only homocysteinuria as a sign.]

175
Q

What vitamin deficiency is evidenced by the following signs: poor wound healing, loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, and ecchymosis?

A

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)

176
Q

What vitamin is given as prophylactic treatment for patients who suffer from alcoholism?

A

Thiamine (B1)-to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s encephalopathy

177
Q

What are the three carboxylase enzymes that require biotin?

A
  1. Pyruvate 2. Acetyl CoA 3.Propionyl CoA carboxylase
178
Q

What vitamin requires intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption?

A

Cyanocobalamin (B12)

179
Q

What mineral is a component of cytochrome a/a3?

A

Copper (Cu)

180
Q

Leukopenia, neutropenia, and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?

A

Copper (Cu) deficiency

181
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes a glove-and-stocking neuropathy seen in alcoholics?

A

Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency

182
Q

What mineral deficiency involves blood vessel fragility?

A

Copper (Cu) deficiency

183
Q

Megaloblastic anemia and thrombocytopenia are signs of what vitamin deficiency?

A

Folic acid deficiency

184
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Carbon monoxide?

A

Oxygen

185
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Mercury?

A

Dimercaprol

186
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Isoniazid?

A

Pyridoxine

187
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Atropine?

A

Physostigmine

188
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Arsenic?

A

Dimercaprol, D-penicillamine

189
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Digoxin?

A

Antidigoxin Fab fragments

190
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Gold?

A

Dimercaprol

191
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Ethylene glycol?

A

Ethyl alcohol

192
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Opiates/narcotics?

A

Naloxone, naltrexone

193
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Organophosphates?

A

Atropine, 2-PAM

194
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

195
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Copper?

A

D-Penicillamine

196
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

197
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Iron?

A

Deferoxamine

198
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Cyanide?

A

Amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, or sodium thiosulfate

199
Q

What is the antidote for an overdose with: Methyl alcohol?

A

Ethyl alcohol

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