1-200 Flashcards
What is associated with: Starry sky pattern?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Which organ most commonly recieves mets?
Adrenal gland (rich blood supply)
What is the most common testicular tumor in children? in Men?
Yolk sac tumor, Seminoma
What is associated with: Auer’s rods?
Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)-M3
What is associated with: Aschoff’s bodies?
Rheumatic fever
What is associated with: Birbeck granules?
Histiocytosis X
What is associated with: Neurofibrillary tangles?
Alzheimer’s disease
What is associated with: Bence-Jones proteinuria?
Multiple myeloma
What is associated with: Cal-Exner bodies?
Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary
What is associated with: Cowdry type A bodies?
Herpes virus
What is associated with: Codman’s triangle on an x-ray?
Osteosarcoma
What is associated with: Councilman bodies?
Toxic or viral hepatitis
What is associated with: Calf pseudohypertrophy?
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
What is associated with: Reed-Sternberg cells?
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is associated with: Heinz bodies?
G-6-PD deficiency
What is associated with: Homer-Wright rosettes?
Neuroblastoma
What is associated with: Curschmann’s spirals?
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
What is associated with: Kayser-Fleischer rings?
Wilson’s disease
What is associated with: Lewy bodies?
Parkinson’s disease
What is associated with: Orphan Annie cells?
Papillary carcinoma of the ovary
What is associated with: Russell bodies?
Multiple myeloma
What is associated with: Reinke’s crystals?
Leydig cell tumor
What is associated with: Blue sclera?
Osteogenesis imperfecta
What is associated with: Soap-bubble appearance on an x-ray?
Giant cell tumor of the bone
What is associated with: Pseudorosettes?
Ewing’s sarcoma
What is associated with: Lucid interval?
Epidural hematoma
What is associated with: Bloody tap on lumbar puncture?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is associated with: Pseudopalisades?
Glioblastoma multiforme
What is associated with: Charcot-Leyden crystals?
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
What is associated with: Cafe au fait spot on the skin?
Neurofibromatosis
What is associated with: Streaky ovaries?
Turner’s syndrome
What is associated with: Keratin pearls?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is associated with: Signet ring cells?
Gastric carcinoma
What is associated with: Mallory’s bodies?
Chronic alcoholism
What is associated with: Blue-domed cysts?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
What is associated with: Schiller-Duval bodies?
Yolk sac tumor
What is associated with: Senile plaques?
Alzheimer’s disease
What is associated with: WBCs in the urine?
Acute cystitis
What is associated with: RBCs in the urine?
Bladder carcinoma
What is associated with: RBC casts in the urine?
Acute glomerulonephritis
What is associated with: WBC casts in the urine?
Acute pyelonephritis
What is associated with: Renal epithelial casts in the urine?
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
What is associated with: Waxy casts?
Chronic end-stage renal disease
What is the most common: Cause of chronic metal poisoning?
Lead
What is the most common: Cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the most common: Congenital cardiac anomaly?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
What is the most common: Cardiac tumor?
Left atrial myxoma
What is the most common: Vasculitis?
Temporal arteritis
What is the most common: Primary tumor of the liver?
Hemangioma (benign)
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the lungs?
Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)
What is the most common: Cause of nephrotic syndrome?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
What is the most common: cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Lipoid nephrosis
What is the most common: Organism that causes pyelonephritis?
Escherichia coli
What is the most common: Renal cell cancer type?
Clear cell
What is the most common: Tumor of the liver?
Metastatic cancer (GI, breast, lungs)
What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the esophagus?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the most common: Tumor arising within the bone?
Multiple myeloma
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the world?
Cervical neoplasia
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the US?
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
What is the most common: Tumor of the female genitourinary tract?
Leiomyoma
What is the most common: Benign tumor of the ovary?
Serocystadenoma
What is the most common: Benign tumor of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
What is the most common: Benign lesion that affects the breast?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the breast?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
What is the most common: Tumor in men between the ages of 15 and 35?
Testicular tumors
What is the most common: Germ cell tumor in men?
Seminoma
What is the most common: Testicular tumor in infants and children?
Yolk sac tumor
What is the most common: Malignant germ cell tumor in women?
Choriocarcinoma
What is the most common: Solid tumor in the body?
Nephroblastoma
What is the most common: Acquired GI emergency of infancy?
Necrotizing enterocolitis of infancy
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the ovary?
Serocystadenocarcinoma
What is the most common: Cardiac tumor of infancy?
Rhabdomyoma
What is the most common: Acute metal poisoning?
Arsenic
What is the most common: Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
What is the most common: Malignant tumor in the bone of teenagers?
Osteosarcoma
What is the most common: Site of a cerebral infarct?
Middle cerebral artery
What is the most common: Cause of dementia between the ages of 60 and 90 years?
Alzheimer’s disease
What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in adults?
Glioblastoma multiforme
What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in children?
Medullablastoma
What is the most common: Tumor on sun-exposed sites?
Basal cell carcinoma
What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder?
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
What is the most common: Heart defect in Down syndrome?
Endocardial cushion defect
What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder involving sex chromosomes?
Kleinfelter’s syndrome
What is the most common: Cardiac pathology in patients with SLE?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
What is the most common: Cause of urinary tract obstruction?
BPH
What is the most common: Eye tumor in children?
Retinoblastoma
What is the most common: Intraspinal tumor?
Ependymoma
What is the most common: Lymph node affected in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
Periaortic lymph nodes
What is the most common: Renal pathology in patients with SLE?
Diffuse proliferative GN
What is the most common: Cause of cirrhosis in the USA?
Alcohol
What is the most common: Malignant tumor in women?
Breast
What is the most common: Cancer of the vulva?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the most common: Testicular tumor in children?
Yolk sac tumor
What is the most common: Benign GI tumor?
Leiomyoma
What is the most common: Thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma
What is the most common: Malignancy in children?
ALL
What is the most common: Cause of diarrhea in children?
Rotavirus
What is the most common: Cause of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year of age?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
What is the most common: Helminthic parasite worldwide?
Ascaris lumbricoides
What is the most common: Cause of anovulation?
Polycystic ovaries
What is the most common: Cause of death in neonates?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in children?
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
What is the most common: Congenital heart defect in adults?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
What is the most common: Complication of PDA?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in Turner’s syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
What is the most common: Cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Amyloidosis
What is the most common: Cause of pulmonary hypertension in children?
VSD
What is the most common: Cause of reversible hypertension in the USA?
Alcohol abuse
What is the most common: Inflammatory arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the most common: Cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Emphysematous bleb
What is the most common: Cause of nonorganic pneumoconiosis?
Asbestosis
What is the most common: Cause of painless hematuria?
Renal cell carcinoma
What is the most common: Cause of hematuria?
Infection
What is the most common: Hematologic cause of papillary necrosis?
Sickle cell disease
What is the most common: Organ involved in amyloidosis?
Kidney
What is the most common: Cause of abnormal bleeding?
Thrombocytopenia
What is the most common: Cause of a nontraumatic splenic rupture?
Malaria
What is the most common: Cause of death in SLE?
Renal failure
What is the most common: Cause of infection for a patient on a ventilator?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the most common: Esophageal carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What is the most common: Cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse
What is the most common: Cause of infectious pancreatitis?
Mumps
What is the most common: Complication of nasogastric tube feeding?
Aspiration pneumonia
What is the most common learning disability?
Dyslexia
What is the most common: Cause of insomnia?
Depression
What is the most common: Form of necrosis?
Coagulative
What is the most common: Cause of blindness worldwide?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What is the most common: Cause of blindness in the USA?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the most common: Cause of the croup?
Parainfluenza virus
What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the winter and summer?
Coronavirus
What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the spring and fall?
Rhinovirus
What is the most common: Cause of viral pneumonia leading to death?
RSV
What is the most common: Pituitary tumor?
Chromophobe adenoma
What is the most common: Cause of panhypopituitarism?
Sheehan’s syndrome
What is the most common: Cause of Cushing’s syndrome?
Pituitary adenoma
What is the most common: Kidney stone type?
Calcium oxalate
What is the most common: Site of ischemia in the GI tract?
Splenic flexure
What is the most common: Cause of intestinal obstructions in adults?
Adhesions and hernias
What is the most common: Cause of neonatal bowel obstruction?
Hirschsprung’s disease
What is the most common: Cause of rectal bleeding?
Diverticulosis
What chromosomal translocation is associated with: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML?
Chromosome 9,22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
What chromosome: Ewing’s sarcoma?
Chromosome 11,22
What chromosome: Adult familial polyposis?
Chromosome 5,21
What chromosome: Burkitt’s lymphoma?
Chromosome 8,14
What chromosome: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)?
Chromosome 15,17
What chromosome: Follicular lymphoma?
Chromosome 14,18
What chromosome is associated with: Cru di chat?
Chromosome 5p
What chromosome: Patau’s syndrome?
Chromosome 13
What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis I?
Chromosome 17
What chromosome: Huntington’s disease?
Chromosome 4p
What chromosome: Familial hypercholesterolemia?
Chromosome 19
What chromosome: Gaucher’s disease?
Chromosome 1
What chromosome: Neimann-Pick disease?
Chromosome 11p
What chromosome: Tay-Sachs disease?
Chromosome 15q
What chromosome: Cystic fibrosis?
Chromosome 7
What chromosome: Albinism?
Chromosome llp
What chromosome: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
Chromosome 12
What chromosome: Marfan’s disease?
Chromosome 15
What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis II?
Chromosome 22q
What chromosome: Down syndrome?
Chromosome 21
What chromosome: Edward’s syndrome?
Chromosome 18
What mineral is associated with impaired glucose tolerance?
Chromium (Cr)
What mineral is associated with hypothyroidism?
Iodine (I)
What mineral is an important component of the enzyme xanthine oxidase?
Molybdenum (Mb)
What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: angular stomatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis?
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
What vitamin is a component of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)?
Thymine (Bl)
Avidin decreases the absorption of what vitamin?
Biotin. Avidin is found in raw egg whites.
What are the four Ds of niacin deficiency?
- Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death
What mineral is an important component of glutathione peroxidase?
Selenium (Se)
What mineral deficiency in children is associated with poor growth and impaired sexual development?
Zinc (Zn) deficiency
What mineral, via excessive depositions in the liver, causes hemochromatosis?
Iron (Fe)
What vitamin is needed in the production of heme?
Pyridoxine (B6)
What vitamin is a component of the enzymes fatty acid synthase and acyl CoA?
Pantothenic acid
What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: homocysteinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency [Folic acid deficiency has only homocysteinuria as a sign.]
What vitamin deficiency is evidenced by the following signs: poor wound healing, loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, and ecchymosis?
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)
What vitamin is given as prophylactic treatment for patients who suffer from alcoholism?
Thiamine (B1)-to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s encephalopathy
What are the three carboxylase enzymes that require biotin?
- Pyruvate 2. Acetyl CoA 3.Propionyl CoA carboxylase
What vitamin requires intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption?
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
What mineral is a component of cytochrome a/a3?
Copper (Cu)
Leukopenia, neutropenia, and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?
Copper (Cu) deficiency
What vitamin deficiency causes a glove-and-stocking neuropathy seen in alcoholics?
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
What mineral deficiency involves blood vessel fragility?
Copper (Cu) deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia and thrombocytopenia are signs of what vitamin deficiency?
Folic acid deficiency
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Carbon monoxide?
Oxygen
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Mercury?
Dimercaprol
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Isoniazid?
Pyridoxine
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Atropine?
Physostigmine
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Arsenic?
Dimercaprol, D-penicillamine
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Digoxin?
Antidigoxin Fab fragments
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Gold?
Dimercaprol
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Ethylene glycol?
Ethyl alcohol
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Opiates/narcotics?
Naloxone, naltrexone
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Organophosphates?
Atropine, 2-PAM
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Warfarin?
Vitamin K
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Copper?
D-Penicillamine
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Heparin?
Protamine sulfate
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Iron?
Deferoxamine
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Cyanide?
Amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, or sodium thiosulfate
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Methyl alcohol?
Ethyl alcohol
