1-200 Flashcards
1
Q
What is associated with: Starry sky pattern?
A
Burkitt’s lymphoma
2
Q
Which organ most commonly recieves mets?
A
Adrenal gland (rich blood supply)
3
Q
What is the most common testicular tumor in children? in Men?
A
Yolk sac tumor, Seminoma
4
Q
What is associated with: Auer’s rods?
A
Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)-M3
5
Q
What is associated with: Aschoff’s bodies?
A
Rheumatic fever
6
Q
What is associated with: Birbeck granules?
A
Histiocytosis X
7
Q
What is associated with: Neurofibrillary tangles?
A
Alzheimer’s disease
8
Q
What is associated with: Bence-Jones proteinuria?
A
Multiple myeloma
9
Q
What is associated with: Cal-Exner bodies?
A
Granulosa/thecal cell tumor of the ovary
10
Q
What is associated with: Cowdry type A bodies?
A
Herpes virus
11
Q
What is associated with: Codman’s triangle on an x-ray?
A
Osteosarcoma
12
Q
What is associated with: Councilman bodies?
A
Toxic or viral hepatitis
13
Q
What is associated with: Calf pseudohypertrophy?
A
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
14
Q
What is associated with: Reed-Sternberg cells?
A
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
15
Q
What is associated with: Heinz bodies?
A
G-6-PD deficiency
16
Q
What is associated with: Homer-Wright rosettes?
A
Neuroblastoma
17
Q
What is associated with: Curschmann’s spirals?
A
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
18
Q
What is associated with: Kayser-Fleischer rings?
A
Wilson’s disease
19
Q
What is associated with: Lewy bodies?
A
Parkinson’s disease
20
Q
What is associated with: Orphan Annie cells?
A
Papillary carcinoma of the ovary
21
Q
What is associated with: Russell bodies?
A
Multiple myeloma
22
Q
What is associated with: Reinke’s crystals?
A
Leydig cell tumor
23
Q
What is associated with: Blue sclera?
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta
24
Q
What is associated with: Soap-bubble appearance on an x-ray?
A
Giant cell tumor of the bone
25
What is associated with: Pseudorosettes?
Ewing's sarcoma
26
What is associated with: Lucid interval?
Epidural hematoma
27
What is associated with: Bloody tap on lumbar puncture?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
28
What is associated with: Pseudopalisades?
Glioblastoma multiforme
29
What is associated with: Charcot-Leyden crystals?
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
30
What is associated with: Cafe au fait spot on the skin?
Neurofibromatosis
31
What is associated with: Streaky ovaries?
Turner's syndrome
32
What is associated with: Keratin pearls?
Squamous cell carcinoma
33
What is associated with: Signet ring cells?
Gastric carcinoma
34
What is associated with: Mallory's bodies?
Chronic alcoholism
35
What is associated with: Blue-domed cysts?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
36
What is associated with: Schiller-Duval bodies?
Yolk sac tumor
37
What is associated with: Senile plaques?
Alzheimer's disease
38
What is associated with: WBCs in the urine?
Acute cystitis
39
What is associated with: RBCs in the urine?
Bladder carcinoma
40
What is associated with: RBC casts in the urine?
Acute glomerulonephritis
41
What is associated with: WBC casts in the urine?
Acute pyelonephritis
42
What is associated with: Renal epithelial casts in the urine?
Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
43
What is associated with: Waxy casts?
Chronic end-stage renal disease
44
What is the most common: Cause of chronic metal poisoning?
Lead
45
What is the most common: Cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
46
What is the most common: Congenital cardiac anomaly?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
47
What is the most common: Cardiac tumor?
Left atrial myxoma
48
What is the most common: Vasculitis?
Temporal arteritis
49
What is the most common: Primary tumor of the liver?
Hemangioma (benign)
50
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the lungs?
Adenocarcinoma (30% to 35%)
51
What is the most common: Cause of nephrotic syndrome?
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
52
What is the most common: cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Lipoid nephrosis
53
What is the most common: Organism that causes pyelonephritis?
Escherichia coli
54
What is the most common: Renal cell cancer type?
Clear cell
55
What is the most common: Tumor of the liver?
Metastatic cancer (GI, breast, lungs)
56
What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the esophagus?
Squamous cell carcinoma
57
What is the most common: Tumor arising within the bone?
Multiple myeloma
58
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the world?
Cervical neoplasia
59
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the US?
Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
60
What is the most common: Tumor of the female genitourinary tract?
Leiomyoma
61
What is the most common: Benign tumor of the ovary?
Serocystadenoma
62
What is the most common: Benign tumor of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
63
What is the most common: Benign lesion that affects the breast?
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
What is the most common: Malignant tumor of the breast?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
65
What is the most common: Tumor in men between the ages of 15 and 35?
Testicular tumors
66
What is the most common: Germ cell tumor in men?
Seminoma
67
What is the most common: Testicular tumor in infants and children?
Yolk sac tumor
68
What is the most common: Malignant germ cell tumor in women?
Choriocarcinoma
69
What is the most common: Solid tumor in the body?
Nephroblastoma
70
What is the most common: Acquired GI emergency of infancy?
Necrotizing enterocolitis of infancy
71
What is the most common: Primary malignant tumor of the ovary?
Serocystadenocarcinoma
72
What is the most common: Cardiac tumor of infancy?
Rhabdomyoma
73
What is the most common: Acute metal poisoning?
Arsenic
74
What is the most common: Proliferative abnormality of an internal organ?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
75
What is the most common: Malignant tumor in the bone of teenagers?
Osteosarcoma
76
What is the most common: Site of a cerebral infarct?
Middle cerebral artery
77
What is the most common: Cause of dementia between the ages of 60 and 90 years?
Alzheimer's disease
78
What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in adults?
Glioblastoma multiforme
79
What is the most common: Primary CNS tumor in children?
Medullablastoma
80
What is the most common: Tumor on sun-exposed sites?
Basal cell carcinoma
81
What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder?
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
82
What is the most common: Heart defect in Down syndrome?
Endocardial cushion defect
83
What is the most common: Chromosomal disorder involving sex chromosomes?
Kleinfelter's syndrome
84
What is the most common: Cardiac pathology in patients with SLE?
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
85
What is the most common: Cause of urinary tract obstruction?
BPH
86
What is the most common: Eye tumor in children?
Retinoblastoma
87
What is the most common: Intraspinal tumor?
Ependymoma
88
What is the most common: Lymph node affected in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Periaortic lymph nodes
89
What is the most common: Renal pathology in patients with SLE?
Diffuse proliferative GN
90
What is the most common: Cause of cirrhosis in the USA?
Alcohol
91
What is the most common: Malignant tumor in women?
Breast
92
What is the most common: Cancer of the vulva?
Squamous cell carcinoma
93
What is the most common: Testicular tumor in children?
Yolk sac tumor
94
What is the most common: Benign GI tumor?
Leiomyoma
95
What is the most common: Thyroid cancer?
Papillary carcinoma
96
What is the most common: Malignancy in children?
ALL
97
What is the most common: Cause of diarrhea in children?
Rotavirus
98
What is the most common: Cause of hospitalization in children younger than 1 year of age?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
99
What is the most common: Helminthic parasite worldwide?
Ascaris lumbricoides
100
What is the most common: Cause of anovulation?
Polycystic ovaries
101
What is the most common: Cause of death in neonates?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)
102
What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in children?
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
103
What is the most common: Congenital heart defect in adults?
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
104
What is the most common: Complication of PDA?
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
105
What is the most common: Cardiac anomaly in Turner's syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
106
What is the most common: Cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Amyloidosis
107
What is the most common: Cause of pulmonary hypertension in children?
VSD
108
What is the most common: Cause of reversible hypertension in the USA?
Alcohol abuse
109
What is the most common: Inflammatory arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
110
What is the most common: Cause of spontaneous pneumothorax?
Emphysematous bleb
111
What is the most common: Cause of nonorganic pneumoconiosis?
Asbestosis
112
What is the most common: Cause of painless hematuria?
Renal cell carcinoma
113
What is the most common: Cause of hematuria?
Infection
114
What is the most common: Hematologic cause of papillary necrosis?
Sickle cell disease
115
What is the most common: Organ involved in amyloidosis?
Kidney
116
What is the most common: Cause of abnormal bleeding?
Thrombocytopenia
117
What is the most common: Cause of a nontraumatic splenic rupture?
Malaria
118
What is the most common: Cause of death in SLE?
Renal failure
119
What is the most common: Cause of infection for a patient on a ventilator?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
120
What is the most common: Esophageal carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma
121
What is the most common: Cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol abuse
122
What is the most common: Cause of infectious pancreatitis?
Mumps
123
What is the most common: Complication of nasogastric tube feeding?
Aspiration pneumonia
124
What is the most common learning disability?
Dyslexia
125
What is the most common: Cause of insomnia?
Depression
126
What is the most common: Form of necrosis?
Coagulative
127
What is the most common: Cause of blindness worldwide?
Chlamydia trachomatis
128
What is the most common: Cause of blindness in the USA?
Diabetes mellitus
129
What is the most common: Cause of the croup?
Parainfluenza virus
130
What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the winter and summer?
Coronavirus
131
What is the most common: Cause of a cold in the spring and fall?
Rhinovirus
132
What is the most common: Cause of viral pneumonia leading to death?
RSV
133
What is the most common: Pituitary tumor?
Chromophobe adenoma
134
What is the most common: Cause of panhypopituitarism?
Sheehan's syndrome
135
What is the most common: Cause of Cushing's syndrome?
Pituitary adenoma
136
What is the most common: Kidney stone type?
Calcium oxalate
137
What is the most common: Site of ischemia in the GI tract?
Splenic flexure
138
What is the most common: Cause of intestinal obstructions in adults?
Adhesions and hernias
139
What is the most common: Cause of neonatal bowel obstruction?
Hirschsprung's disease
140
What is the most common: Cause of rectal bleeding?
Diverticulosis
141
What chromosomal translocation is associated with: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML?
Chromosome 9,22 (Philadelphia chromosome)
142
What chromosome: Ewing's sarcoma?
Chromosome 11,22
143
What chromosome: Adult familial polyposis?
Chromosome 5,21
144
What chromosome: Burkitt's lymphoma?
Chromosome 8,14
145
What chromosome: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)?
Chromosome 15,17
146
What chromosome: Follicular lymphoma?
Chromosome 14,18
147
What chromosome is associated with: Cru di chat?
Chromosome 5p
148
What chromosome: Patau's syndrome?
Chromosome 13
149
What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis I?
Chromosome 17
150
What chromosome: Huntington's disease?
Chromosome 4p
151
What chromosome: Familial hypercholesterolemia?
Chromosome 19
152
What chromosome: Gaucher's disease?
Chromosome 1
153
What chromosome: Neimann-Pick disease?
Chromosome 11p
154
What chromosome: Tay-Sachs disease?
Chromosome 15q
155
What chromosome: Cystic fibrosis?
Chromosome 7
156
What chromosome: Albinism?
Chromosome llp
157
What chromosome: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
Chromosome 12
158
What chromosome: Marfan's disease?
Chromosome 15
159
What chromosome: Neurofibromatosis II?
Chromosome 22q
160
What chromosome: Down syndrome?
Chromosome 21
161
What chromosome: Edward's syndrome?
Chromosome 18
162
What mineral is associated with impaired glucose tolerance?
Chromium (Cr)
163
What mineral is associated with hypothyroidism?
Iodine (I)
164
What mineral is an important component of the enzyme xanthine oxidase?
Molybdenum (Mb)
165
What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: angular stomatitis, glossitis, and cheilosis?
Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
166
What vitamin is a component of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)?
Thymine (Bl)
167
Avidin decreases the absorption of what vitamin?
Biotin. Avidin is found in raw egg whites.
168
What are the four Ds of niacin deficiency?
1. Diarrhea 2. Dermatitis 3. Dementia 4. Death
169
What mineral is an important component of glutathione peroxidase?
Selenium (Se)
170
What mineral deficiency in children is associated with poor growth and impaired sexual development?
Zinc (Zn) deficiency
171
What mineral, via excessive depositions in the liver, causes hemochromatosis?
Iron (Fe)
172
What vitamin is needed in the production of heme?
Pyridoxine (B6)
173
What vitamin is a component of the enzymes fatty acid synthase and acyl CoA?
Pantothenic acid
174
What vitamin deficiency has the following signs: homocysteinuria and methylmalonic aciduria?
Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency [Folic acid deficiency has only homocysteinuria as a sign.]
175
What vitamin deficiency is evidenced by the following signs: poor wound healing, loose teeth, bleeding gums, petechiae, and ecchymosis?
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) deficiency (These are the signs of scurvy.)
176
What vitamin is given as prophylactic treatment for patients who suffer from alcoholism?
Thiamine (B1)-to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's encephalopathy
177
What are the three carboxylase enzymes that require biotin?
1. Pyruvate 2. Acetyl CoA 3.Propionyl CoA carboxylase
178
What vitamin requires intrinsic factor (IF) for absorption?
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
179
What mineral is a component of cytochrome a/a3?
Copper (Cu)
180
Leukopenia, neutropenia, and mental deterioration are signs of what mineral deficiency?
Copper (Cu) deficiency
181
What vitamin deficiency causes a glove-and-stocking neuropathy seen in alcoholics?
Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency
182
What mineral deficiency involves blood vessel fragility?
Copper (Cu) deficiency
183
Megaloblastic anemia and thrombocytopenia are signs of what vitamin deficiency?
Folic acid deficiency
184
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Carbon monoxide?
Oxygen
185
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Mercury?
Dimercaprol
186
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Isoniazid?
Pyridoxine
187
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Atropine?
Physostigmine
188
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Arsenic?
Dimercaprol, D-penicillamine
189
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Digoxin?
Antidigoxin Fab fragments
190
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Gold?
Dimercaprol
191
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Ethylene glycol?
Ethyl alcohol
192
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Opiates/narcotics?
Naloxone, naltrexone
193
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Organophosphates?
Atropine, 2-PAM
194
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Warfarin?
Vitamin K
195
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Copper?
D-Penicillamine
196
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Heparin?
Protamine sulfate
197
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Iron?
Deferoxamine
198
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Cyanide?
Amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, or sodium thiosulfate
199
What is the antidote for an overdose with: Methyl alcohol?
Ethyl alcohol
