(07) Vaccines

Question 1

these are the main points he wants us to get out of these lectures

Answer 1

Question 2

just look at this

Question 3

(Electron Microscopy)

• negative staining (contrast stain)
• immuno electron microscopy

1-2. What are the two limitations?

Answer 3

1. large number of particles required (sensitivy is bad)
2. viruses with similar morphology difficult to distinguish

(advantage - can see what virus looks like by looking at its morphology - get general idea)

Question 4

(Virus Isolation)

• able to detect, and get a isolate of the virus out of the sample
  1. What is the advantage of being able to isolate?
  2. disadvantage?
  3. Which viruses don’t work
  4. which do?

Answer 4

1. can further characterize it
2. not all viruses can be isolated (do this in embryonic eggs and cell cultures - if virus can’t grow on these you are screwed)
3. Hantavirus and retrovirus
4. herpes

Question 5

(Virus isolation from cell culture)

Two types

1. prepared directly from tissue from an animal or embryo
2. transform immortalized cell lines, can be passaged indefinitely
3. What are changes in the cells in the culture referred to as? what do some viruses produce?
4. What is an anooying this about this?

Answer 5

1. primary cell culture
2. continuous cell culture
3. cytopathic effect (CPE); inclusion bodies
4. takes a long time

Question 6

(Test for confirming Virus Specificy in Virus Isolation)

1. immunoflouoresnence
2. immunohistochemistry
3. PCR
4. hemadsorption
5. hemagglutination

Question 7

(Localization of Viral Antigen in Tissues)

1-2. What two methods allow you to test for virus antigen in particular tissues?

Answer 7

1. Immunofluorescence
2. Immunohistochemistry

Question 8

(Immunofluorescence Assays)

1. Ab is labeled with what?
2. What is the most common dye?
3. When FITC binds to antibodies does it affect their reactivty?
4. what color does it show as?

Answer 8

1. fluroscent dye
2. FITC
3. no
4. green

(Direct vs indirect)

Question 9

What is the

Answer 9

C

Question 10

(ELISA)

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

1. used for antibody or for antigen?

Answer 10

1. can be either

Question 11

Hemaggluination ASSAY

only works for a few different types of viruses

Question 12

(Detection of Viral Nucleic Acids)

1. What is this called (the most common one used for the detection of a particular virus)?
2. work on RNA or DNA?
3. What’s the limitation here?
4. qualitative or quantitative?

Answer 12

1. PCR
2. can do both
3. have to be looking for specific virus
4. can be both

Question 13

(Virus Quantitation)

1. qualitative = yes/no
2. quantitative = how much

examples of quant

(titration - serial ten fold dilutinos of virus)

(plaque reduction assay)

(quantitative PCR - Taqman)

Question 14

Answer 14

D

(All of these are tests to detect the virus)

(PCR is the most sensitive)

Question 15

Answer 15

B

Question 16

1. Why would you ever want to test for antibody?
2. Should see a rise in what following virus exposure?
3. What does DIVA differentiate?
4. What does wurveillance accomplish?

Answer 16

1. seeing if a virus has been exposed to something
2. antibody titer
3. infected from vaccinated
4. detects prevalence (looking at a population)

Question 17

in ELISA for FeLV and FIV

looking for FeLV antigen and FIV antibody

Question 18

based on gel immunodiffusion

R - reference positive samples

A - neg

B - pos

C - neg

Question 19

Question 20

wanted (green) and unwanted (red) reactions

Answer 20