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002 - Virology > (02) Structure & Classification > Flashcards

(02) Structure & Classification Flashcards

1
Q

These are the main things about viruses…

  1. small size and simple composition
  2. multiply only in living cells
  3. obligate parasites
  4. inert outside their hosts
  5. viral diseases due to interaction between virus and host (and/or host’s response to interaction)
A
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2
Q

What is the approximate size of viruses?

A

1-300 nm (most are about 10)

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3
Q
  1. What is a single infectious virus particle?
A
  1. a virion
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4
Q

What forms the nucleocapsid?

A

the combination of the genome (nucleic acid) and the capsid (protein coat surrounding)

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5
Q
  1. Some viruses have an envelope - what is it basically?
  2. What are viruses called if they don’t have one?
  3. What is the structure of the envelope?
A
  1. a cell membrane
  2. non-enveloped (naked) viruses
  3. bilipid
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6
Q

(Viral Genome)

  1. What are the six types of viral genomes?
  2. What is + sense vs - sense?
A
  1. DNA ss, DNA ds, RNA ss (+ sense), RNA ss (- sense), RNA ds, RNA –> DNA (retroviruses)
  2. protein can be made directly from (+ sense), have to create mRNA from (- sense) first
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7
Q
  1. What is the name of the structure that protects the genome?
  2. many copies of how many proteins?
  3. What are the protein subunits called?
  4. What are two ways they are arranged 3D (most prominent)?
A
  1. the capsid
  2. one to a few
  3. capsomeres
  4. icosahedral and helical
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8
Q

What shape (soccerball) of virus is this?

A

icosahedral

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9
Q
  1. What virus shape is this?
  2. What type of virus usually associated with this shape?
  3. creates what shape?
  4. example of this?
A
  1. helical
  2. RNA virus
  3. rod shape
  4. rhabdo (the bullet one again)
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10
Q

(Viral Proteins)

(Structural and Non-Structural Proteins)

  1. what do strucutral do?
  2. What do non-structural do?
  3. The non-structural proteins are largely what? What three things are they involved in?
  4. What defines function and characteristics of a virus?
A
  1. mediate infection
  2. tool kit for starting infection
  3. enzymes; replication, modifying host cell programming and structure, and suppressing host response
  4. structure
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11
Q

(Envelope)

  1. structure?
  2. derived from?
  3. What are embedded in envelope?
  4. sensitive to what?
  5. affects which properties?
  6. can enveloped viruses survive on a table?
A
  1. lipid bilayer
  2. host cell
  3. viral attachment glycoproteins
  4. detergents and drying
  5. stability and transmission
  6. no
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12
Q

(BAsic Concepts)

  1. What does structure protect genome from?
  2. What does packaging of nucleic acid facilitate?
A
  1. physical, chemical, and enzymatic harm
  2. transfer of virus genome from one cell to another
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13
Q
  1. What type of immune response is critical for controlling enveloped viruses?
A
  1. Cell mediated response (T cell killing)
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14
Q

(Types of Viruses)

  1. How many different viruses
  2. How many strains?

(just read slide)

A
  1. 5,000
  2. 30,000
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15
Q

(Basis of Viral Taxonomy)

Old Criteria vs. new criteria

Which of these three are new?

clinical and pathogenic

organ tropisms

ecological

transmission

type and character of viral genome

size

viral replication strategy

morphology

stability

serology

structure of the virus

A
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16
Q

(The Hierarchy)

provide the suffix for each level of the hierarchy

  1. (ORDER)
  2. FAMILY
  3. (SUB-FAMILY)
  4. GENUS
  5. SPECIES (sub species/variants/clades/strains)
  6. Are there large numbers of unassigned virus, due to inadequate characterization?
A
  1. -virales
  2. -viridae
  3. -virinae
  4. -virus
  6. yes
17
Q

(ssDNA viruses)

(Name that family)

  1. canine parvovirus 2, feline panleukopenia virus
  2. pox viruses
  3. bovine herpesvirus 1
A
  1. parvoviridae
  2. poxviridae
  3. herpesviridae
18
Q

(just read this

19
Q

(Virus Classification: formal and informal groups)

(based on virus tropisms and mode of transmission)

(these are informal)

  1. which are arthropod borne?
  2. what kinds of viruses cause cancer?
A
  1. arboviruses
  2. oncogenic viruses
20
Q

(Terms to Know)

(terms that refer to nature of infectious particles)

  1. single infectious particle
  2. viruses made only out of genome
  3. infectious proteins
A
  1. virion
  2. virioids
  3. prions
21
Q

(terms to know)

(terms that refer to a specific virus)

  1. something lab has isolated from clinical case
  2. a group of isolates with similar biological and physical properties
  3. group of viruses that will be neutralized by (respond to) a specifc antibody
A
  1. virus isolate
  2. strain
  3. serotype (H1N1)
22
Q

Viruses are classified based on what three things?

A
  1. structure
  2. replication strategy
  3. genomic organization

002 - Virology (14 decks)

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