06c_Moral Development Flashcards
Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development:
Two main stages
Heteronomous Morality
Autonomous Morality
Piaget:
Heteronomous Morality (7 to 10yo)
Notion of right vs wrong is based on consequences
Rules set by authority figures and are unalterable
Piaget:
Autonomous Morality (11+yo)
Focus on intention of the actor instead of consequences
Rules are arbitrary and alterable when people who are governed by rules agreed to change them
Piaget:
Lying
Very young children are “spontaneous liars”, natural/harmless
By age 7-8, intentional false statements
By age 10-11, recognize they can be deceived by others
Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development:
Basis of Research
Responses to Heinz Dilemma
Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development:
Three Levels
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Kohlberg:
Preconventional Morality
1: Negative Consequences: priority is to avoid punishment
2: Judgments based more on obtaining rewards and satisfying needs than on avoiding punishment
Kohlberg:
Conventional Morality
1: Good boy/good girl: the right action is the one that is liked or approved by others
2: Law and order: moral judgments based on rules and laws established by legitimate authorities
Kohlberg:
Postconventional Morality
1: Social contract, individual rights, democratically accepted laws
2: Broad, self chosen universally applicable ethical principles
Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development:
Factors that influence progression through stages
Individual motivation/needs
Social perspective taking
Exposure to democratic institutions
Kohlberg:
Relationship between moral judgment and moral action
Strongest at the higher stages of moral development
Gilligan:
Factors that influence Females’ Moral Judgments
Caring, compassion, and responsibility to others
*Girls are less influenced justice and individual rights
[Kohlberg’s model only used males]
Gilligan:
Three Levels of Moral Development
Orientation of individual survival
Goodness as self-sacrifice
Morality of nonviolence
List the six stages and motivators of Kohlberg’s moral schema.
Stage1 : obedience and punishment
Stage 2: self-interest
Stage 3: conformity and seeking social approval
Stage 4: social order
Stage 5: social contract
Stage 6: universal principles
Briefly describe the Heinz dilemma
The participant is presented with a scenario in which a man named Heinz had a sick wife. The pharmacist has a cure, but he is selling the drug for 10 times what it is worth and refuses to give it to Heinz at a cheaper price.
The participant is asked is it right or wrong to steal the drug and why.
Kohlberg’s level two of moral development is characterized by the utilization of __________ , or the internalization of society’s rules and morals.
conventional morality
In Kohlberg’s third level of moral development, which occurs from around age 16 on, the individual adheres to postconventional morality, which is characterized by what?
the development of an internal set of values that may generate occasional conflict with societal values
Carol Gilligan revised Kohlberg’s theory in order to place emphasis on the development of __________ as central to moral progress as more important to the moral reasoning of women.
caring relationships
