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Gastrointestinal System > 06.1 Liver, Pancreas and Gallbladder Function > Flashcards

06.1 Liver, Pancreas and Gallbladder Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation of the pancreas do?

A

Inhibits secretion.

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2
Q

What does the pancreatic acinus secrete?

A

Zymogen granules.

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3
Q

What is the acinus stimulated by?

A

Parasympathetic innervation.
CCK (Cholecystokinin).

Both of these are stimulated by hypertonicity and fats in the duodenum.

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4
Q

What enzymes does the acinus produce?

A

Amylase
Lipases
Proteases - (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase)

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5
Q

What do the pancreatic duct cells secrete?

A

HCO3- in an isotonic solution

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6
Q

What stimulates the secretion in HCO3-?

A

Secretin.

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7
Q

At higher flow rates what happens to pancreatic HCO3- secretion?

A

It increases.

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8
Q

What are the microscopic hexagons in the liver called?

A

Lobules

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9
Q

What is the structure of a hepatic lobule?

A

Hepatic vein in the centre.

Portal vein, bile duct and hepatic artery in each of the 6 corners.

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10
Q

What are the 3 functional areas of the hepatic lobules called?

A

Acinus

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11
Q

What is acinus zone 1 most susceptible to?

A

Toxins (commonly viral hepatitis)

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12
Q

What is acinus zone 3 susceptible to?

A

Ischaemia

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13
Q

What are the bile acid dependant things in bile?

A

Bile acids and pigments

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14
Q

What are some bile acids and what are they used for?

A

Cholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid

Conjugated with glycine/taurine to form bile salts

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15
Q

What are bile salts?

A

Ampipathic molecules that can for a micelle which allows for the emulsification of lipid.

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16
Q

What happens to bile salts?

A

Reabsorbed (95%) at the ileum which are returned to the liver

17
Q

What are bile acid independent things in bile?

A

Alkaline solution

18
Q

What secretes bile acid dependent products?

A

Hepatocytes

19
Q

What secretes bile acid independent products?

A

Duct cells

20
Q

What stimulates the duct cells to release alkaline solution?

A

Secretin

21
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

To store and concentrate bile.

22
Q

What stimulates gall bladder contraction and sphincter of Oddi relaxation?

A

CCK

23
Q

What are the properties of chyme as it enters the duodenum?

A

Hypertonic
Acidic
Partially digested

Gastrointestinal System (18 decks)

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