02.1 Salivation and Swallowing Flashcards
What innervates the masseter muscle?
Branch of the trigeminal nerve.
What are the three functions of saliva?
Lubricates food.
Starts carbohydrate digestion.
Protects oral environment.
What is xerostomia?
Insufficient saliva production
What is the pH of saliva?
High
What is the pH of saliva when stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Increases pH to make it more alkaline
What is the tonicity of saliva?
Hypotonic.
Where does the modification of secreted salvia occur?
Duct cells.
What happens during saliva modification?
Duct cells remove electrolytes, no water leaves as the gap junctions are tight.
What are the three paired salivary glands?
Parotid glands.
Sublingual glands.
Submaxillary glands.
Describe the contents of the parotid gland saliva.
Serous
Describe the contents of the sublingual saliva.
Mucus saliva.
Describe the contents of the submaxillary glands.
Mix of serous and mucus secretion.
What happens to saliva tonicity at a high flow rate?
Becomes less hypotonic as the rate at which duct cells can modify the contents is limited.
What are the three phases of swallowing?
Voluntary phase (tongue moves the bolus back)
Pharyngeal phase
Oesophageal phase
Which part of the oesophagus is under somatic control?
Upper third
What movements must occur in the pharyngeal phase to prevent aspiration?
Inhibition of breathing
Raising the larynx
Closure of the glottis
Opening of the oesophagus
What is odynophagia?
Pain on swallowing
What is achalasia?
Primary dysphagia caused by motility problems of the smooth muscle preventing peristalsis in the oesophageal phase.
How is reflux back from the stomach prevented?
Lower oesophageal sphincter.
The acute angle of entry to the stomach.
Right crus of the diaphragm.
What is Barrett’s oesophagus?
Metaplastic change from stratified squamous epithelia to gastric epithelia.
What can Barrett’s oesophagus lead to?
Adenocarcinoma.
What is GORD?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
What muscle is used to provide force during mastication?
Masseter muscle
