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Gastrointestinal System > 01.1 General Function and Abnormalities > Flashcards

01.1 General Function and Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

What are properties of saliva?

A

Hypotonic
Bacteriostatic
Alkaline
Lubricates food

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2
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Disruption of the food bolus
Secretes acid and enzymes to break down tissues and disinfect
Delivers this ‘chyme’ periodically to the duodenum

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3
Q

What is the tonicity of the chyme entering the duodenum?

A

Hypertonic

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4
Q

What is the pH of the chyme entering the duodenum?

A

Low.

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5
Q

Why does the chyme become isotonic in the duodenum?

A

The duodenum is permeable to water (unlike the stomach) so water moves into the lumen.

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6
Q

How is the pH neutralised in the duodenum?

A

Bile and alkaline solution is added by the liver and pancreas

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7
Q

Which portion of the duodenum are enzymes added and the chyme neutralised?

A

2nd part.

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8
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Absorb nutrients and electrolytes

Absorbs the majority of water

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9
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorbs some of the remaining water (makes the transit time slow)

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10
Q

What makes up the mucosa of the intestines?

A

Simple columnar epithelia with micro villi
Laminar propria
Muscularis mucosa

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11
Q

What are the layers of the intestines deeper than the mucosa?

A

Submucosa
Muscularity externae
Adventitia

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12
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

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13
Q

What can cause dysphagia?

A

Stroke
Tumour obstruction/stricture
Aortic aneurysm obstruction

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14
Q

What are oesophageal varices?

A

Where the portal venous system is overloaded so blood is diverted via the oesophagus leading to the dilation of its veins.

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15
Q

Where can peptic ulceration occur?

A

Stomach

Duodenum

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16
Q

Where is the most likely place for a gastric ulcer to form?

A

Lesser curve of the stomach

17
Q

Where is the most likely place for a duodenal ulcer to form?

A

1st part of the duodenum.

18
Q

When can Peyer’s patches become enlarged?

A

Lymphoma

19
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Remnant of the vitilline duct roughly 2 feet proximal to the ileocaecal valve.

20
Q

What is a volvulus?

A

Where the sigmoid twists on itself causing the mesentery to block of its blood supply leading to ischaemia.

21
Q

What are diverticulum?

A

Out pouches of the colon.

22
Q

What are haemorrhoids?

A

Dilatation of the superior rectal veins.

23
Q

What is mastication?

A

Process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.

Gastrointestinal System (18 decks)

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