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Endo/Repro > 05b: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

05b: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Scrotum consists of thin skin with subcutaneous fat, to keep temperature lower than body T.

A

False - no subcutaneous fat

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2
Q

Scrotum has (smooth/skeletal) muscle called (X), which functions in altering testicular temperature by doing (Y).

A

Smooth
X = dartos
Y = wrinkling skin

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3
Q

Scrotum has (smooth/skeletal) muscle called (X), which functions to raise/lower testis within scrotal sac.

A

Skeletal;

X = cremaster

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4
Q

What are the exocrine secretions of the testis?

A

Spermatozoa and testicular fluid

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5
Q

Endocrine function of testis includes (X) secretion by (Y) cells.

A 
X = testosterone
Y = Leydig
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6
Q

(X) refers to the entire process that begins with male’s primitive germ cell, (Y), and continues through cell division to produce the male gametes, (Z).

A 
X = spermatogenesis
Y = spermatogonia
Z = spermatids
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7
Q

(X) refers to all the (mitotic/meiotic) divisions of spermatogonia to eventually produce primary spermatocytes.

A

X = spermatocytogenesis

Mitotic

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8
Q

(X) refers to the morphological transformation of spermatids into (Y).

A 
X = spermiogenesis
Y = spermatozoa
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9
Q

(X) refers to release of spermatozoa from luminal epithelium of (Y) structures.

A 
X = spermiation
Y = seminiferous tubules
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10
Q

(X) are the supporting cells of the seminiferous tubules. They secrete which key proteins/hormones?

A

X = Sertoli

  1. Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
  2. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
  3. Inhibin-B
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11
Q

Contraction of cremaster muscle (raises/lowers) scrotal temperature.

A

Raises (brings testis closer to body)

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12
Q

Varicocele, aka (X), will (raise/lower) scrotal temperature.

A

X = enlargement of veins in pampiniform plexus

Raise

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13
Q

T/F: The primary and secondary spermatocytes differ in location.

A

True - primary in basal compartment and secondary in apical

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14
Q

T/F: Formation of primary spermatocyte involves first round of meiosis.

A

False - primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I

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15
Q

Total spermatogenic cycle in humans is about how long?

A

80 days

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16
Q

List the three types of spermatogonia and star the “original, reserve” stem cells

A
  1. Type A dense*
  2. Type A pale
  3. Type B
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17
Q

T/F: Both Type A and Type B spermatogonia are stem cells.

A

False - Type B is progenitor

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18
Q

T/F: Spermatids undergo morphological changes, but no longer divide.

A

True

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19
Q

One Type A dense spermatogonia can produce a total of (X) genetically (identical/distinct) spermatids.

A

X = 1000-4000

Distinct

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20
Q

The blood-testis barrier: two compartments in (X) layer/structure, formed by (Y) connections between (Z) cells.

A 
X = epithelium of seminiferous tubules
Y = tight and adhering junctions
Z = neighboring Sertoli
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21
Q

During spermatogenesis, (X) cells pass the blood-testis barrier, from the (ab/ad)-luminal side to the (ab/ad)-luminal side.

A

X = primary spermatocytes

Abluminal (basal) to adluminal (apical)

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22
Q

T/F: Primary spermatocytes reside exclusively in basal compartment of seminiferous epithelium.

A

True

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23
Q

(Mitosis/meiosis) occurs during spermiogenesis. What’s the first noticeable change?

A

Neither! No division (only morphogenesis)

Acrosome formation

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24
Q

Spermiogenesis: acrosome is derived from (X) and contains (Y). What’s the function?

A 
X = Golgi
Y = hydrolytic enzymes

Dissociate corona radiata/zona pellucida of oocyte

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25
Q

Spermiogenesis: Rearrangement of (X) gives cytoplasm an elongated shape.

A

X = cytoskeleton (MTs)

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26
Q

A glycoprotein coat is acquired by (X) cells, in (Y) structure. This coat facilitates long-term storage of the cells in reproductive tract.

A 
X = spermatozoa
Y = ductus epididymus
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27
Q

As sperm travels through (X), capacitation occurs. What does this refer to?

A

X = uterus

Glycoprotein coat removed through contact with uterine epithelium

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28
Q

Sperm exit seminiferous tubules. List the tubes it enters prior to exiting penile urethra.

A
  1. Straight tubules
  2. Rete testis
  3. Ductules efferentes
  4. Ductus epididymus
  5. Ductus deferens
  6. Ampulla
  7. Ejaculatory duct
  8. Prostatic urethra
  9. Membranous urethra
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29
Q

(X)% of cancers in men are testicular and most, (Y)%, of that time, it’s a (Z) cell origin.

A 
X = 1
Y = 95
Z = germ
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30
Q

Seminiferous tubules: Germ cells are connected to (X) cells via (Y) connections.

A

X = Sertoli (Y = gap junctions) and other germ cells (Y = cytoplasmic bridges)

31
Q

T/F: Residual bodies are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.

A

False - expelled into lumen and taken, via current, toward epididymis

32
Q

E for the sperm’s journey is provided in the form of (X) from (Y) structure.

A 
X = fructose
Y = seminal vesicle
33
Q

Sperm can survive how long in female genital tract?

A

Up to 5 days

34
Q

WHO standards for normal sperm count is (X). Of these, (Y)% are motile and (Z)% have normal morphology.

A 
X = over 20 million
Y = 50
Z = 60
35
Q

Hormonal regulation of male reproductive system includes (X) hormones from hypothalamus and (Y) from the pituitary.

A 
X = GnRH
Y = LSH and FH
36
Q

Male reproduction: FSH acts on (X) and LH acts on (Y).

A 
X = Sertoli cells
Y = Leydig cells
37
Q

Androgen Binding Protein released from (X) and functions to:

A

X = sertoli cells

Binds/concentrates testosterone in duct and gland epithelia

38
Q

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) released from (X) and functions to:

A

X = sertoli cells

Inhibits development of F sex structures; also regulates sex-hormone production in children

39
Q

Fluid current important for carrying sperm starting at (X) structure, up until (Y) structure

A 
X = seminiferous tubules
Y = ductus epididymus
40
Q

Cilia important for carrying sperm starting at (X) structure, up until (Y) structure

A

X = Y = ductuli efferentes

41
Q

Muscular contraction important for carrying sperm starting at (X) structure, up until (Y) structure

A 
X = ductus deferens
Y = ejaculatory duct
42
Q

Flagellar/swimming movement important for carrying sperm starting at (X) structure, up until (Y) structure

A

X = Y = female reproductive tract

43
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete into which which duct?

A

Ampulla of ductus deferens

44
Q

Prostate secretes into which duct?

A

Prostatic urethra

45
Q

Bulbourethral glands secrete into which duct?

A

Membranous urethra

46
Q

Glands of Littre secrete into which duct?

A

Penile urethra

47
Q

T/F: In ductus deferens, peristaltic contraction moves sperm along.

A

True

48
Q

The sperm is in which duct when it passes through spermatic cord?

A

Ductus deferens

49
Q

(X) vessels are important for keeping scrotal temperature below body T. They do this by (Y) phenomenon.

A 
X = pampiniform plexus (veins)
Y = counter-current exchange ("precool" the arterial blood traveling out to testis)
50
Q

At which point does male reproductive tract become single, midline structure?

A

Seminal colliculus - Ejaculatory ducts open into prostatic urethra

51
Q

The abundant (watery/viscous) secretion formed in (X) represents a substantial, 70-85%, of the whole ejaculate. List the most important substances in this secretion.

A

Viscous;
X = seminal vesicles

Fructose and Prostaglandins

52
Q

Prostate can be divided into which zones? List them from innermost to outermost. Include the percentage that each zone occupies.

A
  1. Transitional (5%)
  2. Central (25%)
  3. Peripheral (70%)
53
Q

BPH originates in which zone of prostate?

A

Transitional zone

54
Q

(X) zone of prostate surrounds (Y) urethra.

A 
X = transitional
Y = (distal) prostatic
55
Q

Central zone of prostate surrounds:

A

Ejaculatory duct

56
Q

Prostate cancer originates in which zone of prostate?

A

Peripheral zone (70% of time)

57
Q

Prostate: secretion is (white/clear/other) and rich in (X).

A

Other (yellowish);

X = proteolytic enzymes

58
Q

M reproduction: In (X) gland, condensations of secretory material, called (Y), increase with age.

A 
X = prostate
Y = prostatic concretions (or corpora amylacea)
59
Q

T/F: The structure and function of both seminal vesicle and prostate depend on testosterone level.

A

True

60
Q

T/F: The smooth muscle of seminal vesicle and prostate gland is innervated by parasympathetics.

A

False - sympathetics (“point and shoot”)

61
Q

T/F: About 90% of men at age 80 show evidence of BPH.

A

True

62
Q

T/F: BPH symptoms include increased incidence of UTI due to increased urination.

A

False - increased UTI, but due to difficulty urinating/incompletevoiding

63
Q

Prostate cancer occurs more (proximal/distal/medial/lateral) than BPH. Also, (X) is commonly tested in (urine/blood/semen), since its levels will be (high/low) in prostatic cancer.

A

Distal;
X = PSA (prostate-specific antigen)

Blood; high

64
Q

The (white/clear/other) secretion of bulbourethral glands is thought to play which role?

A

White (viscous);

Lubricant and provides basic environment in urethra

65
Q

Erection: The (X) arteries (contract/relax) and fill (Y) with blood.

A

X = helicine
Relax;
Y = vascular spaces of corpora cavernosa

66
Q

Erection: (X) NT activates cascade mediated by (Y). (Y) is then degraded by (Z).

A 
X = NO
Y = cGMP
Z = PDE-5
67
Q

Pharmacological intervention for erectile dysfunction aims to (stimulate/inhibit) (X), thus prolonging action of (Y).

A

Inhibit;
X = PDE-5
Y = cGMP (and NO)

68
Q

T/F: Testicular volume and sperm count changes drastically as a function of age.

A

False

69
Q

List the sources of the components of semen and respective % of each.

A

1% sperm
20% from prostate
80% from seminal vesicles

70
Q

Normal meiosis I: (1/2)n(1/2)x cell becomes (1/2)n(1/2)x cell after first replication. Then (1/2)n(1/2)x after first division.

A

2n1x;
2n2x;
1n2x (in each of the 2 cells)

71
Q

Normal meiosis II: (1/2)n(1/2)x cell becomes (1/2)n(1/2)x after division.

A

1n2x;

1n1x

72
Q

Just prior to sperm entry (fertilization), the (primary oocyte/secondary oocyte/ovum) is (1/2)n(1/2)x.

A

Secondary oocyte;

1n2x (sperm entry stimulates completion of meiosis II)

73
Q

T/F: Leydig and Sertoli cells divide at low frequency, and are terminally differentiated.

A

True

74
Q

(Primary/secondary) spermatocytes can’t become cancerous. Why? What about spermatids?

A

Both;
They’ve entered meiosis

Spermatids are post-meiotic and also can’t divide

Endo/Repro (15 decks)

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