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Jaspie - Microbiology > 05 - Mycology > Flashcards

05 - Mycology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify: fungal infection associated with pseudomembranous pharyngitis:

A

Candida

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2
Q

Two basic fungal forms:

A
  1. yeast - single-celled

2. mold - with hyphal elements

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3
Q

Term: the ability to reproduce as one of either of the two basic forms, depending on the temperature:

What forms are assumed in culture media and in live tissues in these kinds of organisms?

A

thermal dimorphism

  • molds on culture medium at room temperature
  • yeasts on live, infected tissue
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4
Q

Two types of host response to fungal infection:

A
  • granulomatous

- pyogenic

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5
Q
  • toxin of Amanita:

- What is the effect?

A
  • amanitin and phylloidin

- liver necrosis

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6
Q
  • toxin of Aspergillus flavus:

- What is the effect?

A
  • aflatoxin

- G:C->T:A mutation, leading to liver cancer

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7
Q

term for allergic reaction to spores of Aspergillus fumigatus:

A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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8
Q

Identify: agar used in the culture of fungi:

A

Sabouraud agar - low pH inhibits growth of bacteria

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9
Q

This stain binds to the complex carbohydrate cell wall of fungi and lights up a bright blue white color:

A

Calcofluor white

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10
Q

This stain is primarily used for negative staining.

-What fungus is diagnosed using this stain?

A

Nigrosin

-Cryptococcus neoformans

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11
Q

Enumerate 3 important dermatophytoses:

A
  1. Microsporum canis
  2. Trichophyton tonsurans
  3. Epidermophyton floccosum
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12
Q

Another name for dermatophytoses:

A

ring worms

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13
Q

Term: an inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection

A

dermatophytid reaction

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14
Q

How to diagnoses dermatophytoses:

A
  • 10% KOH
  • Sabouraud agar
  • Wood lamp: green fluorescence
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15
Q

Treatment of dermatophytoses:

A
  • local antifungal cream

- keep skin dry

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16
Q
  • Identify: superficial skin infection presenting with hypopigmented areas.
  • What causes the hypopigmentation?
  • What fungal organism causes this condition?
  • Treatment:
A
  • Tinea versicolor
  • azoleic acid
  • Malasseizia furfur
  • miconazole
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17
Q

Identify: This organism causes fungemia in premature infants on IV nutrition:

A

Malassezia furfur

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18
Q

Mechanism of transmission of Sporotrichosis:

A

rose thorn prick

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19
Q

Another name for sporotrichosis:

A

Rose gardener’s disease

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20
Q

Treatment of sporotrichosis:

A

itraconazole, or potassium iodide

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21
Q

Enumerate: the two morphologies of Coccidioides immitis, in which settings:

A
  • mold in soil

- spherule in tissue

22
Q

another term for Coccidioidomycosis:

A

Desert Rheumatism, a.k.a. San Joaquin valley fever

23
Q

Mechanism of transmission of Coccidiodes:

A

inhalation of arthrospores

24
Q

Symptoms of Desert Rheumatism:

A

Flu-like symptoms:

  • fever
  • arthralgia
  • malaise
  • cough/coryza
  • headache
25
Q

Two types of asexual spores in Histoplasma capsulatum:

A
  • tuberculate macroconidia

- microconidia

26
Q

mechanism of transmission of Histoplasma:

A

-inhalation of airborne microconidia

27
Q

describe the pathogenesis of Histoplasma:

A

Inhaled histoplasma microconidia develop into yeasts inside macrophages, and the spreads to the liver and the spleen

28
Q

mechanism of transmission of Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

inhalation of conidia

29
Q
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis preferentially infects which subgroup of the population?
  • Explain
A
  • preferentially infects males

- Estrogen and progesterone are found to be protective

30
Q

mechanism of transmission of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

A

inhalation of conidia

31
Q

morphologies of Candida albicans in serum, and in culture

A
  • germ tubes in serum

- chlamydo-spores in culture

32
Q

Enumerate: diseases of Candida in the immunocompetent (give 3)

A
  • oral thrush
  • vulvovaginitis
  • onychomycosis
33
Q

Manifestion of Candida infection in the immunocompromised:

A

pseudomembranous esophagitis

34
Q

Identify: most common cause of fungal encephalitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

35
Q

Enumerate: Diagnostic tests for Cryptococcus

A
  1. India ink preparation (negative staining)

2. CALAS (Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system)

36
Q

How is cryptococcus transmitted?

A

grows abundantly in soil with lots of bird dropping; inhalation of airborne yeast cells

37
Q

DOC for cryptococcal encephalitis:

A

amphotericin B + flucytosine

38
Q

Morphologies of Aspergillus fumigatus:

A

exist only as molds!

39
Q

How is Aspergillus transmitted?

A

inhalation of airborne conidia

40
Q

Term for fungus balls:

A

Aspergilloma

41
Q

Identify: Aspergillosis with asthmatic symptoms with expectoration of brownish bronchial plugs

A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)

42
Q

Identify: organisms in Mucormycosis:

A

Rhizopus and mucor

43
Q

Clinical presentation of mucormycosis:

A

rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation

44
Q

Enumerate: these (3) patients are at high risk for infection with Rhizopus and mucor

A
  • Burn patients
  • DKA patients
  • leukemia
45
Q

The major surface glycoproteins of this fungus undergoes programmed rearrangements:

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

46
Q

Diagnostic test for Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Bronchoalveolar washings, then

  • toluidine blue
  • methenamine silver stain
47
Q

mechanism of transmission of Pneumocystis jiroveci:

A

inhalation of cysts

48
Q

At what CD4 count does Pneumocystis pneumonia occur?

A

CD4 < 200

49
Q

Identify: what is the most common AIDS-defining illness?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

50
Q

DOC for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia:

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Jaspie - Microbiology (14 decks)

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