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Jaspie - Microbiology > 03 - Diagnostic Microbiology > Flashcards

03 - Diagnostic Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Test for tuberculosis that yields the most specidifc results rapidly

A

TB PCR

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2
Q

Term: propagation of microorganisms in media conducive to their growth

A

culture

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3
Q

Term: nutritive substance in which cultures of microorganisms are grown

A

culture medium

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4
Q

Agar medium for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen

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5
Q

Examples of bacteria that are difficult to culture and in which molecular tests are more useful in diagnosis

A

Chlamydia

Mycobacterium

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6
Q

Type of test that is done first before the other tests when testing for viruses

A

serologic tests (testing for the antibodies against viruses)

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7
Q

Common bacteria in which immunofluorescence testing is used

A

Bordetella pertussis and Legionella pneumophila

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8
Q

Two types of immunofluorescence testing:

A

Direct and Indirect

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9
Q

Term: screening tests for syphilis. What are their advantages? Enumerate examples.

A

Non-treponemal tests - easier and cheaper to perform

  1. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)
  2. Rapid Plasma Reagin
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10
Q

Term: confirmatory test for syphillis

A

Treponemal antibody tests

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11
Q

What does ELISA stand for?

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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12
Q

What does RIA stand for?

A

Radioimmunoassay

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13
Q

Instrument used to measure the results of ELISA

A

spectrophotometer

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14
Q

Instrument used to measure the results of RIA

A

gamma counter

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15
Q

Identify: This test is primarily directed at the detection of carbohydrate antigens of encapsulated microorganisms.
Enumerate examples of microorganisms that can be detected by this test:

A

Latex agglutination

  1. Group A streptococcus
  2. Cryptococcus - CALAS (Cryptococcal Antigent Latex Agglutination System)
  3. bacterial meningitis
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16
Q

Identify: This test is performed to detect antibodies against specific antigens based upon the separation of major proteins of the organism in a two-dimensional agarose gel.

What is the basis for separation of these proteins? Differences in _______. What is the effect?

A

Western blot immunoassays

Size - Smaller proteins move faster through the agarose gel.

17
Q

This is an HIV antigen that is very specific to the virus.

A

gag p24

18
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of gonococcal infecion?

A

culture on Thayer-Martin medium

19
Q

This molecular technique involve the use of enzyme to convert viral RNA or messenger RNA to DNA prior to amplification.

A

Reverse transcriptase PCR

20
Q

Agar used for detection of Clostridium perfringens. Give two terms.

A

Egg yolk agar, a.k.a. McClung-Toabe agar

21
Q

Identify: When combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam, this penicillin possesses the broadest antibacterial spectrum among its kind.

A

Piperacillin

22
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to fluoroquinolones

A

Mutant DNA gyrase

23
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to beta-lactams

A

hydrolysis and mutant penicillin-binding proteins

24
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to tetracyclines

A

active efflux from the cell

25
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to aminoglycosides

A

inactivation by enzymes

26
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to sulfonamides

A

overproduction of target

27
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to chloramphenicol

A

reduced uptake into the cell

28
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to Vancomycin

A

reprogramming of D-ala-D-ala amino sequence in the peptidoglycan

29
Q

Mechanism of development of resistance to macrolides (e.g. erythromycin)

A

RNA methylation, drug efflux

30
Q

None of the cephalosporins will work against these bacteria (3):

A
  1. MRSA - due to altered PBP
  2. Listeria monocytogenes
  3. Enterococci

Jaspie - Microbiology (14 decks)

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