(03) Autonomic Nervous System I Flashcards
What in the involuntary system controlling visceral function?
- ANS
IS the ANS a component of the PNS?
- yes
What are the components of the ANS?
- sympathetic + parasympathetic + enteric NS
Is the parasympathetic NS the “fight or flight” response
- no, that is the sympathetic NS
What are the origins of the preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic NS (generally)?
- T1-L3
What are the lengths of the neurons relative to ganglions in sympathetic NS?
- short pre-ganglionic, long post-ganglionic neuron
What NS is the “rest and digest”?
- parasympathetic NS
For parasympathetic NS - what are the origins of the pre-ganglionic neurons?
- Cranial nerves (3,7,9,10), S2-S4
What are the lengths of the neurons relative to ganglions in parasympathetic NS?
- long pre-ganglionic, short post-ganglionic neuron
Differentiate Autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
- Autonomic involuntary, somatic voluntary
What is the main division of the PNS (all cranial nerves and spinal nerves)?
- somatic division (SNS) and autonomic division (ANS)
What does the somatic division innervate? What type of sensory? control?
- innervates skeletal muscle - general somatic sensory - voluntary control
What does the autonomic division innervate? What type of control?
- innervates visceral organs; muscle, glands, adipose; - involuntary control
What type of motor system is the somatic nervous system? What is the unit? Where are the cell bodies? Where do axons synapse? What does pre-synaptic terminal release? What type of receptor is on motor endplate?
- voluntary motor system under conscious control - single motorneuron and skeletal muscle fiber - in the CNS - brainstem of spinal cord - directly on skeletal muscle - acetylcholine - nicotinic cholinergic receptor
What type of system is the autonomic nervous system? The unit of this system? Where are the cell bodies of pre-ganglionic neuron? Where do axons of pre-ganglionic neurons synapse? Where do axons of post-ganglionic neurons synapse? What do pre-ganglionic neurons release? Post ganglionic?
- involuntary system that controls function primarily of visceral organs - two neurons: pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic - in CNS - cell bodies of post-ganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia outside CNS - visceral effector organs - acetylcholine (ACh) - ACh, NE, or neuropeptides
What does N mean (plus the numbers…)
N = Nicotinic
1 - cholinergic
2 - cholinergic
3 - Muscarinic
4 - cholinergic
5 - adrenergic
6 - alpha and beta conformation
7 - NE
- In addition to classic sympathetic system, there is also a post ganglionic _______ neuron that releases _________ that affect ___________
- There is also the instance in which Ach activate nicotinic-cholinergic receptors on the _______ glands that produce _____ and ______ which are discharged into ________
- dopaminergic, dopamine, effector cells (D)
- adrenal, NE, epinephrine, systemic ciurculation
Say if P or S
- Miosis (protects retina) vs. mydriasis (opens pupil)
- GI stimulation vs. GI inhibition
- heart rate slow vs. fast
- visceral secretions decreased vs. increased
- bronchioloes relaxed vs. contracted
- respiratory rate increased vs. decreased
- operates all the time vs all the time plus stress
- urinary bladder relaxed vs contracted
- metabolism hyperglycemia vs. normoglycemia
- circulation skeletal muscle vs. smooth muscle
- PS
- PS
- PS
- SP
- SP
- SP
- PS
- SP
- SP
- SP
Organization (Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic)
- pre-ganglionic
- autonomic ganglia
- pre-gangl axon
- post-gangl axon
- effector organs
- ganglion
- effector organ
- receptor
- spinal cord T1-L3 - CN 3,7,9,10 spinal cord S2-S4
- para- or pre-vertebral - effector organ
- short - long
- long - short
- smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle – smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle
- ACh/nicotinic – ACh/nicotinic
- norepinephrine – ACh/muscarinic
- a1, a2,b1, b2 – muscarinic
Which system has its own intrinsic nervous system? What is it called? What order of neuron is it? What transmitter has the gut developed? What two examples does he want us to remember?
- the gut
- the enteric nervous system
- 3rd order neuron
- enteric neuropeptide families
- tachykinins and opioids
Enteric nervous system: What does sp stand for? Dyn? what type of thing is this? What do they do?
- substance p
- dynorphin
- opiod
- open calcium channels
Identify 1 and 2. What does inflammatory bowel disease cause?
- circular smooth muscle contraction
- longitudinal smooth muscle contraction
- can’t contract, loss of nutrition, diarhhea etc.
Are opiods involved in the segmentation response in gi? What would you prescribe in response to inflammatory bowel disease and why? What drug is an example? What does it do?
- yes
- opioids, cause contraction of smooth muscle (segmentation)
- loperamide
- inhibits fluid secretion, increases absorption, stimulates segmentation
What is the opposite of stress?
- torpor
Phase which occurs in the absence of all cephalic, gastric, and intestinal stimulation
- basal phase
What phase is mediated by sight, smell, taste, swallowing?
- cephalic phase
What phase is mediated by gastric distension and (protein in food)?
- gastric phase
What phase is mediated by duodenal (amino acid in food)?
- intestinal phase
Why are humans are greater risk for gastric ulcers than cats and dogs?
- are basal gastric secretion is 10% whereas there’s is 1%
What do mast cells secrete? G cells? mucous cells? parietal cells?
- histamine, gastrin (hormone), mucous, gastric acid
What 3 things activate gastric parietal cell?
histamine, acetylchoine, gastrin
