(02) Systems Physiology

Question 1

What is it called when blood flow is insufficient to deliver an amount of oxygen and nutrients necessary for maintenance or cell integrity?

Answer 1

ischemia

Question 2

What occurs when blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue?

Answer 2

reperfusion

Question 3

What is the cellular injury resulting from a period of ischemia followed by restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue?

Answer 3

ischemia-reperfusion injury

Question 4

What does bloat cause? In what animal is this common? What can happen when bloat is reduced?

Answer 4

compression of organs close to stomach and - compression of the aorta (causes ischemic state)

• dog
• ischemia-reperfusion injury

Question 5

What are conditions that directly disrupt gastrointestinal blood flow called? (such as strangulation, volvulus, intussusception, or thromboembolism)

Answer 5

occlusive ischemia

Question 6

What type of ischemia results from systemic conditions (sepsis, SIRS, DIC)?

Answer 6

non-occlusive ischemia

Question 7

What happens to ATP during ischemia?

Answer 7

• gets broken down to AMP > adenosine > inosine > hypoxanthine

Question 8

What enzyme converts adenosine to hypoxanthine?

Answer 8

Xanthine dehydrogenase

Question 9

What enzyme converts hypoxanthine to urate, O2, and H2O2? What is this called? What metal do the products combine with? What type of damage does this cause?

Answer 9

• xanthine oxidase
• reperfusion
• Fe3+
• peroxidation of lipid membranes

Question 10

Do species have differences in intestinal xanthine oxidase activity? In which are they elevated?

Answer 10

• yes

- Cat, Dog, Rat, Mouse

Question 11

What prevents the hibernating animal from experiencing ischemia related injury? (will be on test)

Answer 11

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