02 Staining & Immunohistochemistry Flashcards
processes that generally employ a dye or chemical that has an affinity for the particular tissue component that is to be demonstrated
special staining
color of neuropathological:
Vogt’s method for Nissl subtance
purple
color of neuropathological stain:
Gallocyanin (Einarson’s) method for Nissl substance
blue
color of neuropathological stain:
modified aldehyde-thionine pas for nissl substance
blue
color of neuropathological stain:
Bielcschowsky method for neurofibrils
black
color of neuropathological stain:
Bodian’s method for nerve fibers & nerve endings
black
color of neuropathological stain:
Holmes method for nerve cells & fibers
black
color of neuropathological stain:
Luxol fast for myelin
blue
application of immunologic principles and techniques to the study of cells and tissues
immunohistochemistry
most commonly used methods for immunohistochemistry
peroxidase-antiperoxidase immune complex
biotin avidin immunoenzymatic technique
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
antibody is inappropriate, denatured, or used at a wrong concentration
false neg
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
loss of antigen through autolysis
false neg
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
loss of antigen through autolysis
false neg
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
presence of antigen is at a density below the level of detection
false neg
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
cross-reactivity of the antibody with antigens different from the one being sought
false pos
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
nonspecific binding of the antibody to the tissues
false pos
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
presence of endogenous peroxidase in some cellular elements
false pos
identify the effect on results (false neg/false pos):
entrapment of normal tissues by the tumor cells
false pos
four main stages of immunohistochemistry
fixation
antigen retrieval
blocking
antibody labeling and visualization
stage in immunohistochemistry:
to keep everything in its place
fixation
stage in immunohistochemistry:
to minimize pesky background signals
blocking
stage in immunohistochemistry:
to get pretty pictures
antibody labeling and visualization
in conventional immunohistochemistry, single immunohistochemical methods are used through ___
3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB)
a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) substrate that is used for secondary HRP-conjugated antibody detection
3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB)
the two commonly used chromogens
DBA (brown)
AP (red)
chromogen used for most applications as it provides strong and permanent stains
DAB
chromogen used mainly for skin sections
AP Red
ubiquitous contractile protein responsible for cell motility
actin
oncofetal antigen that is the major plasma component of the fetus
alpha fetoprotein
major sources of alpha fetoprotein
live
visceral endoderm of yolk sac
monoclonal antibody that reacts with high molecular weight glycoprotein
B72.3
differentiates mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinom
B72.3
monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope on the protein molecule of two glycoproteins on the surface of glandular epithelial cells of endodermal derivation
Ber-EP4
differentiates adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma
Ber-EP4
vitamin K dependent protein that constitutes approximately 20% of noncollagenous protein in bone
Bone GLA protein
detected in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma
Bone GLA protein
carbohydrate antigen
CA19-9
used in the diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic carcinoma
CA19-9
positive reaction are obtained in most pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas and transitional cell carcinoma
CA19-9
transmembrane glycoproteins located in desmosomes
E-Cadherins
in E-cadherins, the ductal carcinoma of the breast will show ___ (posi/neg)
positive
in E-cadherins, the lobular carcinoma of the breast will show ___ (posi/neg)
negative
cytoskeleton associated actin binding protein present in contractile cells
calponin
document the presence of myoid differentiation
calponin