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MT6321 > 02 Clearing > Flashcards

02 Clearing Flashcards

1
Q

the process whereby alcohol or a dehydrating agent is removed from the tissue

A

clearing

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2
Q

in the clearing process, the tissue has a ___ appearance when dehydrating agent has been replaced by the solvent

A

translucent

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3
Q

function of the clearing agent:

when used after alcohol dehydration

A

mix with alcohol and remove it from the tissue

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4
Q

function of the clearing agent:

when used after tissue section has been stained

A

make microscopic tissue preparation transparent

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5
Q

function of the clearing agent:

when the tissue is to be cleared directly from water

A

improve refractive index of the tissue

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6
Q

T/F: when the function of the clearing agent is for the tissue to be cleared directly from water, dealcoholization is one of the most important process

A

F (no dealcoholzation required)

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7
Q

in clearing, those with low boiling point are ___ (more/less) readily replaced by melted paraffin

A

more

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8
Q

in clearing, the viscosity of the agent affects the ___ of penetration

A

speed

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9
Q

prolonged exposure to clearing agent causes the tissue to become ___

A

brittle

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10
Q

clearing agent:

colorless and most commonly used

A

xylene

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11
Q

clearing time of xylene

A

1/2-1 hour

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12
Q

clearing agent:

used for clearing, both for embedding and mounting procedures

A

xylene

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13
Q

clearing agent:

generally suitable for routine histologic processing schedules of less than 24 hours and when tissue block is less than 5mm in thickness

A

xylene

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14
Q

clearing agent:

most rapid

A

xylene

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15
Q

clearing agent:

makes the tissue excessively hard if used over 3 hours

A

xylene

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16
Q

clearing agent:

causes considerable shrinkage and hardening on lymph nodes

A

xylene

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17
Q

clearing agent:

may be used as substitute for xylene or benzene for clearing both during embedding and mounting processes

A

toluene

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18
Q

clearing time of toluene

A

1-2 hours

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19
Q

clearing agent:

miscible with both absolute alcohol and paraffin

A

toluene

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20
Q

clearing agent:

acts fairly rapidly; recommended for routine purposes

A

toluene

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21
Q

clearing agent:

does not make tissues excessively hard and brittle if left for 24 hours

A

toluene

22
Q

T/F: toluene is a faster clearing agent than xylene and benzene

A

F (slower)

23
Q

clearing agent:

preferred by some in the embedding process because it penetrates and clears tissues rapidly

A

benzene

24
Q

clearing agent:

rapid acting; for urgent biopsies (15-60 mins) and routine purposes

A

benzene

25
Q

T/F: benzene causes shrinkage if the tissue is exposed for too long

A

T

26
Q

T/F: chloroform is used for clearing and is slower than xylene

A

T

27
Q

clearing agent:

can be used for large and thicker tissue blocks - up to 1cm

A

chloroform

28
Q

T/F: tissues in chloroform easily become translucent

A

F (do not become translucent)

29
Q

clearing agent:

used for routine work (6-24 hours)

A

chloroform

30
Q

clearing agent:

used for tough tissues such as skin, dibroid, decalcified tissues, and for nervous tissues, lymph nodes, and embryos

A

chloroform

31
Q

clearing agent:

used to clear both paraffin and celloidin sections during the embedding process

A

cedarwood oil

32
Q

clearing agent:

especially recommended for CNS tissues and cytological studies

A

cedarwood oil

33
Q

cedarwood oil requires __ changes in clearing solution

A

2

34
Q

clearing time of cedarwoord oil

A

2 days

35
Q

cedarwood oil is ___ miscible with alcohol, which removes readily

A

96

36
Q

clearing agent:

tissues may be left indefinitely without causing considerable damage and distortion

A

cedarwood oil

37
Q

clearing agent:

not normally utilized as a routine clearing agent

A

cedarwood oil

38
Q

clearing agent:

recommended for clearing embryos, insects, and very delicate specimens

A

cedarwood oil

39
Q

clearing agent:

has the ability to clear 70% alcohol without excessive shrinkage and hardening

A

cedarwood oil

40
Q

clearing agent:

has a tendency to be adulterated; therefore the quality is not guaranteed

A

clove oil

41
Q

clearing agent:

has similar properties with chloroform

A

carbon tetrachloride

42
Q

clearing agent:

can be used when double embedding techniques are required

A

methyl benzoate/methyl salicylate

43
Q

clearing agent:

causes greater shrinkage than xylene does

A

dioxane

44
Q

a popular clearing agent is ___ and multiple changes are required to completely displace ethanol

A

xylene

45
Q

xylene substitute:

isoprene polymers found in essential oils originally derived from plants

A

terpenes

46
Q

xylene substitute:

a volatile oil found in citrus peels which goes by several trade names

A

limonenes

47
Q

xylene substitute:

offer the clearing action with the lowest hazard rating of all xylene alternatives

A

orange oil-based

48
Q

xylene substitute:

excellent in preserving fine tissue structure, and can often be used in place of xylene with not alteration of protocol

A

orange oil-based

49
Q

xylene substitute:

can be effective solvents, but they are considered toxic chemicals, posing serious health risks

A

chlorinated hydrocarbons

50
Q

xylene substitute:

non-hazardous, less expensive and causes less shrinkage of the tissue; can be used as a dealcoholization agent in the histopathological laboratory, without losing the quality of the histological details

A

coconut oil

51
Q

xylene substitute:

gives good tissues, sections, and histological slides; non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-flammable, biodegradable, economic, easy to handle, and readily available

A

bleached palm oil

MT6321 (9 decks)

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