02 Dehydration Flashcards

1
Q

pre-eminent type of tissue processing treatment considered to be the most suitable for routine preparation, sectioning, staining, and subsequent storage of large tissue samples

A

Paraffin wax method

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2
Q

paraffin wax method uses a series of ___ as dehydrating fluid

A

alcohol

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3
Q

the first step in tissue processing by which the intercellular and extracellular water from the tissue are removed after fixation and prior to wax infiltration

A

dehydration

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4
Q

solvents utilized in the removal of water

A

dehydrating agents/dehydrants

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5
Q

the removal of water from aqueaous-fixed tissue

A

dehydration

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6
Q

since most alcohols and paraffin are not miscible, another step, known as ___ is introduced

A

clearing

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7
Q

T/F: a dehydrating solution should evaporate very fast

A

F

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8
Q

It is important for a dehydrating solution to be able to dehydrate ___ tissues

A

fatty

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9
Q

T/F: a dehydrating solution should not harden tissues excessively and should remove stains

A

F (should NOT REMOVE stains)

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10
Q

dehydrating agent:

recommended for routine dehydration of tissues and considered the best dehydrating agent

A

ethyl alcohol

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11
Q

dehydrating agent:

clear, colorless, flammable fluid

A

ethyl alcohol

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12
Q

dehydrating agent:

primarily used for blood and tissue films, and for smear preparations

A

methyl alcohol

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13
Q

T/F: methanol is toxic to the body

A

T

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14
Q

T/F: ethanol is not poisonous

A

T

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15
Q

dehydrating agent:

utilized in plant and animal micro-techniques

A

butyl alcohol

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16
Q

dehydrating agent:

slow dehydrating agent producing less shrinkage that hardens less than ethanol

A

butyl alcohol

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17
Q

dehydrating agent:

not suitable for rapid tissue processing

A

butyl alcohol

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18
Q

in dehydrating, ___ (descending/ascending) concentrations of alcohol is used

A

ascending

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19
Q

factors affecting the strength of initial alcohol required in dehydration

A

size
nature of tissue
fixative used

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20
Q

smaller and more delicate tissues require ___ (higher/lower) concentration and ___ (longer/shorter) intervals between ascending grades of alcohol in dehydration

A

lower
shorter

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21
Q

the tissue may be stored in ___ alcohol but not for longer periods of time

A

70-80

22
Q

prolonged storage in lower concentration of alcohol tends to ___ the tissue, while higher concentration may interfere with the ___ properties

A

macerate
staining

23
Q

the dehydration time may be hastened at ___C

A

37C

24
Q

serves as an indicator that will accelerate and insure complete dehydration

A

anhydrous copper sulfate

25
Q

dehydrating agent:

clear, colorless fluid that mixes with water, ethanol, and most organic solvent

A

acetone

26
Q

dehydrating agent:

cheap, rapid-acting dehydrating agent which dehydrates in 1/2 to 2 hours

A

acetone

27
Q

T/F: acetone is more miscible with epoxy resins than alcohol

A

T

28
Q

dehydrating agent:

an excellent dehydrating and clearing agent that is readily miscible in water, melted paraffin, alcohol, and xylol

A

dioxane

29
Q

T/F: one of the major disadvantages of dioxane is that is shrinks that tissue

A

F (it produces less tissue shrinkage)

30
Q

dehydrating agent:

tissues may be placed directly into the solution after washing out

A

dioxane

31
Q

dehydrating agent:

makes the tissue brittle with prolonged exposure

A

acetone

32
Q

T/F: one of the major disadvantages of acetone is that is shrinks that tissue

A

T

33
Q

T/F: acetone is not recommended for routine dehydration purposes

A

T

34
Q

dehydrating agent:

tissue sections tend to ribbon poorly

A

dioxane

35
Q

dehydrating agent:

produces highly toxic vapor

A

dioxane

36
Q

dehydrating agent:

should not be used routinely; the laboratory room must be properly ventilated and all residues should be washed down in the sink

A

dioxane

37
Q

in this dehydration method, the tissue is wrapped in a gauze bag and suspended in a bottle containing dioxane and a little anhydrous calcium oxide

A

Weiseberg’s method

38
Q

in Weiseberg’s method, the dehydration period range is ___

A

3-24 hrs

39
Q

in using dioxane as a dehydrating agent, tissues treated with which reagent should be thoroughly washed in running tap water prior to treatment

A

chromate fixative (Regaud’s or Moller’s fluid)

40
Q

dehydrating agent:

dehydrates rapidly; may be stored for months without producing hardening or distortion

A

cellosolve

41
Q

cellosolve is combustible at what temperature?

A

110-120F

42
Q

in using cellosolve, ___-based glycol ether should be used instead of ethylene-based glycol ethers

A

propylene

43
Q

dehydrating agent:

removes water very readily and produces very little distortion and hardening

A

triethyl phosphate

44
Q

dehydrating agent:

used to dehydrate sections and smears following certain stains

A

triethyl phosphate

45
Q

T/F: triethyl phosphate produces minimum shrinkage

A

T

46
Q

dehydrating agent:

can also be used for demixing, clearing, and dehydrating paraffin section

A

tetrahydrofuran (THF)

47
Q

dehydrating agent:

most staining procedures give improved results

A

tetrahydrofuran (THF)

48
Q

for soft tissues like an embryo, the first stage of ___ alcohol is used followed by a graded treatment of the alcohol to prevent tissue shrinkage

A

50%

49
Q

tissues fixed in ___ fluid are transferred to 90% alcohol because lower grades of alcohol may cause swelling of the fibrous tissues

A

Susa

50
Q

in quality check, a layer of anhydrous copper sulfate should be approximately ___cm thick, should prevent the contamination; alcohol would turn ___ if it gets diluted

A

2-2.5
blue

51
Q

dehydrating agent:

causes non-toxic but offensive odor

A

tetrahydrofuran