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MT6321 > 02 Sectioning > Flashcards

02 Sectioning Flashcards

1
Q

sectioning instrument that allows for the cutting of extremely thin slices of material called section

A

microtome

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2
Q

thickness of sections

A

4-15 um

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3
Q

unit for measurement for the thickness of sections

A

micron

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4
Q

a process where wax is removed with a sharp knife until about 2 mm remains on all sides of the tissues

A

block trimming

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5
Q

action of sharpening a knife by grinding cutting edge, either on a stone or with an abrasive compound

A

honing

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6
Q

a process of polishing the cutting edge of the knife on leather or canvas done after honing

A

stropping

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7
Q

the angle formed between the cutting edge of the microtome knife

A

bevel angle (27-32 degrees)

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8
Q

the angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting facet of the knife

A

clearance angle (5-10 degrees)

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9
Q

the straight line formed by intersection of 2 planes, the cutting facets

A

cutting edge

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10
Q

radius of curvature of the cutting edge

A

0.1 to 0.35 um

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11
Q

length of cutting facets

A

0.1 to 0.6 mm

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12
Q

angle between the sides of the knives

A

wedge angle (15 degrees)

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13
Q

angle between upper surface of the cutting facet and the surface of the block

A

rake angle

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14
Q

the ___ (smaller/bigger) the bevel angle, the sharper the knife

A

smaller

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15
Q

ensures that only the cutting edge of the knife touches the specimen block

A

clearance angle

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16
Q

too much clearance causes the knife to ___

A

chatter

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17
Q

knife design and cut type:

extremely sharp, but are also very delicate and are therefore only used with very soft samples

A

planar concave

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18
Q

knife design and cut type:

more stable and find use in moderately hard materials, such as in epoxy or cryogenic sample cutting

A

wedge profile knives

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19
Q

knife design and cut type:

with its blunt edge, raises the stability of the knife, whilst requiring significantly more force to achieve the cut

A

chisel profile

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20
Q

knife design and cut type:

used on sliding, rotary, and rocking microtomes

A

plano-concave knife

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21
Q

knife design and cut type:

used for rocking microtome and sledge microtome

A

biconcave knife

22
Q

length of biconcave knife

A

100-250 mm

23
Q

knife design and cut type:

less rigid and prone to vibration; rarely used in histopathology

A

biconcave knife

24
Q

size of wedge knife

A

100 - 350 mm

25
Q

knife design and cut type:

most commonly utilized steel knife for routine histopathology; standard knife profile

A

wedge knife

26
Q

T/F: wedge knife profile cannot be ground as sharp as biconcave and planar-concave knives

A

T

27
Q

this is caused by defect in the blade edge, calcium, bone or hard material in the specimen

A

vertical scratches

28
Q

this occurs when the block is faced too aggressively

A

holes in the section

29
Q

this happens when the specimen is excessively dehydrated or improperly processed

A

holes in the section

30
Q

tissue adhesive:

background staining may be detected due to its uptake of dyes

A

albumin

31
Q

added to albumin to increase viscosity and prevent complete drying

A

glycerol

32
Q

components for Meyer’s egg albumin

A

equal parts glycerin, distilled water, and egg white

33
Q

added to albumin to inhibit growth of molds

A

thymol crystal

34
Q

tissue adhesive:

provides firmer attachment than albumin

A

Gelatin USP

35
Q

tissue adhesive:

greater adhesion than gelatin but stains with many dyes

A

starch

36
Q

tissue adhesive:

not staining to any appreciable extent with commonly used in stains of histochemical reagents

A

cellulose

37
Q

tissue adhesive:

used as a general-purpose section adhesive

A

poly-l-lysine

38
Q

tissue adhesive:

no production of background staining

A

poly-l-lysine

39
Q

tissue adhesive:

used to improve section adhesion, particularly in immunocytochemistry

A

poly-l-lysine

40
Q

tissue adhesive:

greatest adhesion; commonly used as an embedding medium for electron microscopy

A

resins (araldite)

41
Q

tissue adhesive:

a new advancement in section adhesion; can withstand repeated washings with a variety of inorganic solvents

A

3-Aminopropryltriethoxysilane (APES)

42
Q

tissue adhesive:

used as an adhesive for enhancing chromosome spreading on glass slides and for in situ hybridization of frozen sections

A

3-Aminopropryltriethoxysilane (APES)

43
Q

type of microtome:

consists of a heavy base and two arms; the lower arm rests on a column and supports the upper, both being pivoted on knife edges which acts as fulcrum

A

cambridge rocking microtome

44
Q

type of microtome:

the section cutting is affected by the vertical rise and fall of the object against a fixed knife edge

A

rotary microtome

45
Q

type of microtome:

most widely used, also called Minot microtome

A

rotary microtome

46
Q

type of microtome:

the knife is stationary and the block is moved up and down in a vertical plane by the rotary action of the hand wheel

A

rotary microtome

47
Q

type of microtome:

for extremely hard specimens

A

sliding or base-sledge microtome

48
Q

type of microtome:

has carbon dioxide type or cryostat

A

freezing microtome

49
Q

type of microtome:

has a knife-horizontal motion

A

sliding or base-sledge microtome

50
Q

temperature for initial deparaffinization

A

60-65C

MT6321 (9 decks)

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