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엔클렉스 패스하자 > 크램시트 > Flashcards

크램시트 Flashcards

1
Q

환자들이 고통받을때, 약중재가 최선인 경우는 거의 드물다.

A

.

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2
Q

항상 항생제 사용하기 전에 알러지 체크 해야한다.

A

.

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3
Q

neutropenic patient(백혈구 감소증 환자)들은 백신, fresh fruit, flower 받지 않아야 한다.

A

.

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4
Q

NTG patch 최대 사용가능한 범위

A

최대 5분간격으로 3번까지 가능하다.

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5
Q

Morphine is contraindicated(사용이 금해진다)

A

pancreatitis.(췌장염)일때.
그것이 sphincter of oddi (오디괄약근.온쓸개관이 샘창자로 연결되어 있는 부분)에 경련을 유발하기 때문에.
대신 Demerol이 주어져야 한다.

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6
Q

K+은 IV push 하면 절대 안됨.

A

.

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7
Q

HIV positive 엄마에게 태어난 아이는 모든 immunization of schedule 받아야함.

A

.

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8
Q

informed consent form 사인하기 전에 환자에게 주어져야할 것들

A
  1. 선택가능한 다른 옵션이 있는지
  2. pre,intra,post OP 때 일어날 수 있는 경우의수
  3. 관련된 위험
  4. 가능한 부작용
  5. surgery로 부터 회복되는데 필요한 시간
  6. 질문할 기회
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9
Q

autonomic dysplexia(=Hyperreflexia,과다반사)를 처음 겪는quadriplegic Pt를 간호할 때는

A

머리를 가능한 높이 올려야함.

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10
Q

대체로 같은 infection 인 환자들은 병실 공유함.

A

/

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11
Q

clozapine(clozaril)(조현병의 치료에 이용되는 비정형적 항정신병 약물)이랑 관련된 심각한 독성 위험은?

A

blood dyscrasia (조혈장애.혈구 생성 장애)

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12
Q

haloperidol(haldol)의 부작용은?

A

drowsiness, insomnia, weakness, headache, extrapyramidal syndrome(EPS,추체외로증상)

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13
Q

ped- HR & RR

A 
Remember 311
(fetal HR : 120-160)
30 90-130 Infant 30-60
10 80-120 Toddler 20-30
10 70-110 Preschooler 16-22
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14
Q

℉

A

(1.8*℃)+32

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15
Q

Na

A

135-145

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16
Q

K

A

3.5-5.5 ( 6이상=우선중재필요)

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17
Q

Ca

A

8.5-11

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18
Q

Mg

A

1.5-2.5

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19
Q

Cl

A

95-106

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20
Q

P

A

2.5-4.5

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21
Q

BUN

A

7-22 (36이상이면 우선중재 필요)

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22
Q

Cr

A

0.5-1.5 (2.0이상이면 우선중재 필요)

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23
Q

USG

A

Urine specific gravity(요비중)

1.005-1.030

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24
Q

CPK

A

creatine P 크레아티닌 인산효소.

21-232

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25
Q

bilirubin

A

1.0이하

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26
Q

protein

A

6.2-8.1

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27
Q

albumin

A

3.4-5.0

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28
Q

LDH

A

LDH 경우엔 혈액 세포나 심장 근육과 같이 여러 신체 조직에 분포. 조직이 손상되면 혈액 속 방출. 일탈 효소라고도 불립니다. LDH 종류에는 1~5가지가 존재하는데 위치가 조금씩 차이가 나며 LDH 정상수치가 높아졌을 때엔
어느 장기에 문제가 생겼는지를 가늠할 수 있게 됩니다.
100-245

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29
Q

Glucose

A

Normal= 80-110
fasting <110
infant 50-90 (<45 = hypo & high pitch cry)
HbA1C = 4-6% (or <7%)

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30
Q

Thyroid

A

갑상샘 질환 선별검사로 TSH, Free T4, T3이 유용하다. 이 중 TSH가 젤 유용.
T3 : 60-180
T4: 5-11
TSH [thyroid stimulating hormone갑상선자극호르몬] : 0.5-5 or 0.5-2 for hypothyroid Pts
Free T4: 0.8-2.7 (8-2.8 easier to memorize)

#Hypothyroid: TSH; T3&amp;T4 ↑
#Hyperthyroid: TSH ↑ ; T3&amp;T4
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31
Q

Uric acid

A

3.5-7.5

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32
Q

total cholesterol

A

130-200

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33
Q

Triglyceride

A

중성지방( TG)

40-50

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34
Q

ABGA

A
  • pH: 7.35-7.45
  • HCO3(중탄산염): 22-26
  • pCO2: 35-45
  • pO2: 80-100%
  • SaO2: 95 % 이상
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35
Q

해독제

  • Digoxin
  • Tylenol,Acetaminophen, Pacacetamol
  • Heparin
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Coumadine
A
  • Digoxin (심방세동,울혈성심부전 치료)
    • > Digibandi
  • Tylenol (해열,진통제)
    • > Mucomyst (17doses+loading dose)
  • Heparin
    • > protamine sulfate
  • Benzodiazepine
    • > Flumazaenil
  • Coumadine
    • > Vit.K
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36
Q 
Insulin>
Rapid-acting
short-acting
Intermediate(NPH)
long acting
A

-Rapid-acting
: aspart(Novolog),
Glulisine(Apidra), Lispro(Humalog)
: onset 15분, peak 1-3h, duration 4h

-short-acting
:~R+RI (IV가능,only)(humulin/nobolin)
: onset 30min, peak 2-4h, duration 8h

-Intermediate(NPH)
: ~N + levemir mix형, lente
: onset 1.5h, peak 4-12h, duration 16-24h

-long acting
:Glargine(Lantus)= 절대 Mix 불가(단독사용)
: onset 2-4h, peak none, duration 24h

-peak time에 과한운동 자제
-같은 주사 부위는 2-3W 뒤에 사용
-주사부위에 heat,massage,exercise 금기(ㅈㅓ혈당유발)
-인슐린 주사각도 45-90도(마른사람은 45-60도)
_RI+NPH Mix= air는 NPH(혼탁)부터, 약물 재는건 RI(맑은)부터

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37
Q 
vaccines>
Hepatits B
Hib(Hib균을 예방하는 백신인데 뇌수막염과 패혈증 등을 일으키는 위험 질병을 예방)
pn
Dtap(DPT 디프테리아, 백일해, 파상풍을 예방하기 위한 백신)
IPV(injectable polio vaccine,소아마비)
Varicella(수두, 대상포진 예방)
MMR(홍역 볼거리 풍진을 예방)
Hepatitis A
Meningitis(뇌수막염)
Rota(로타 바이러스 장염을 예방)
Influenza
A 
vaccines>
#Hepatits B->0,1-2,6-18M
#Hib(Hib균을 예방하는 백신인데 뇌수막염과 패혈증 등을 일으키는 위험 질병을 예방) -> 2,4,6,12-15M
#pn-> 2,4,6,12-15
#Dtap(DPT 디프테리아, 백일해, 파상풍을 예방하기 위한 백신)-> 2,4,6,15-18, 4-6years, 11-12years, 이후 매 10년마다 추가 접종 권장
#IPV(injectable polio vaccine,소아마비)->2,4,6-18, 4-6years
#Varicella(수두, 대상포진 예방)-> 12-15, 4-6yrs
#MMR(홍역 볼거리 풍진을 예방)-> 12-15, 4-6yrs
#Hepatitis A-> 12-23 months (2 dose, 6months apart =1차 접종하고 6~18개월 후 추가접종)
#Meningitis(뇌수막염)-> 9-11yrs
#Rota(로타 바이러스 장염을 예방)-> 2,4,6,
#Influenza -> at 6 Mon and then.. yearly. 첫 회에는 1개월 간격으로 2회 접종 하고 이후 매년 1회 접종함.
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38
Q

TB meds

A 
RISE
Rifampin
INH
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
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39
Q

GCS

A

Eye (4points)
Verbal(5points)
Motor(6points)
Max=15 (<8=coma)

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40
Q

APGAR score

A

at 1-5min after birth
(1st score is the transitional score and 2nd is planning care of newborn, 첫 번째 점수는 과도기 점수, 두 번째 점수는 신생아를 돌볼 계획)
8-10 = ok
2 1 0
Appearance [ all pink, pink&blue, blue/pale]
Pulse[>100, <100, No response]
Grimce[cough, grimace, no response]
Activity[flexed, flaccid-탄력없는, limp- 축처진]
Respiratory[strong cry, weak cry, no cry]

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41
Q

donning -감염예방도구 착용순서

A
  1. gown
  2. mask
  3. goggle
  4. glove
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42
Q

removing-감염예방도구 벗는순서

A
  1. Glove
  2. Goggle
  3. Gown
  4. Mask
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43
Q

임신시 decelation(하강)종류

A

Early(조기)-Head compression ( 처치: lateral decubitus position & monitoring)

VEAL CHOP(송아지고기)
#Variable(변이성)-cord compression( 처치: 양수과소+variable 이면 즉시 vaginal exam-> cord 눌렸는지 확인하고 눌렸다면 즉시 제왕절개. 눌리지 않았다면 일단 position change 해보고 그래도 계속 나빠지면 fetal scalppH 측정하고 7.2미만이면 즉시 제왕절개)
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44
Q

Hypoventilation

Hyperventilation

A 
#Hypoventilation(과소환기)-> resp acidosis(호흡성산증) "retain CO2"
#Hyperventilation(과다환기)-> resp alkalosis(호흡성 알칼리증)"Below off CO2"
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45
Q

이뇨제와 K

A 
#lasix, bumex-> K wasting (can cause hypokalemia)
#aldactone-> K sparing (can cause hyperkalemia)
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46
Q

post mastectomy care

A

유방절제술후 케어: BREAST
Bp not on affected side
Reach recovery
Elevate affected side
Abduction & external rotation- no initial exercise (initial is extension/flection)
Self breast exam (1x month-7day after period)
Try to promote a (+) self-image

47
Q

autosomal recessive

A 
상염색체 열성( 2개 가운데 어느 하나에 이상이 있는 단계에서는 발병하지 않지만, 양쪽 다 이상이 있으면 발병하는 유전형식)
#Cystic fibrosis-낭성섬유증
#PKU-페닐케톤뇨증
#Tay-sachs-테이색스병. 지방분해효소가 부족해져서 뇌속에 지방이 쌓이게 되고, 마비, 경련, 흑내장 등이 생기며 결국 죽게됨.
#albinism-백색증
#sickle cell anemia-낫모양적혈구빈혈
#alpha anti-trypsin difficiency
#Galactosemia-갈라고스혈증. 모유와 일반우유에 포함되어 있는 당분인 갈락토스를 포도당으로 전환시키는 능력이 손상되어 나타나는 매우 드문 유전성 탄수화물 대사 질환
48
Q

autosomal dominant

A 
상염색체 우성(상염색체에서 한 염색체만 있어도 표현되는 유전자)
#Huntington's dis-헌팅턴무도병. 근육간의 조정능력이 상실과 인지능력 저하 및 정신적인 문제가 동반되는 진행성의 신경계 퇴행성 질환
#Marfan's syndrome-마르팡증후군. 결합조직에 영향. 주요 증상= 팔 다리 긴뼈의 과다 성장/ 척추 만곡/ 가슴뼈 함몰 또는 돌출/ 수정체 탈구/ 근시/ 대동맥 확장과 변성/ 대동맥판 역류/ 승모판 탈출/ 승모판 역류 등
#Polydactyly-다지증. 손가락과 발가락의 수가 정상보다 많은 기형
#Achandroplasia(연골무형성증) -유전 질환의 하나로 왜소증(Dwarfism)을 유발.  
#Polycystic kidney dis
49
Q

X-linked recessive

A 
성염색체 열성(남자에게만 증상이 나타나고,유전됨)
#Duchenne's muscle Dystrophy(뒤시엔느,뒤센근육영양장애)-희귀 유전성 골격근 퇴행성 질환. 세계적으로 출생 남자 아동 3,500명당 1명꼴.근육이 쇠약해짐, 동요성보행, 척추측만증, 호흡기 감염 
#Hemophilia A (Females are carries in these dis and males are affected by the dis-여자들은 병을 운반하고, 남자들은 영향 받고)(혈우병 A가 전체의 80%.혈우병 A는 혈장 내 제 8 응고인자가 부족한 병.)->수혈,데모프레신; DDAVP
50
Q

Newborn at term

A

normal
#Weight 6-9Ibs(파운드2.7-4.5kg),/ #head circumference 1/4 body length OR 13-14inch(33.2-35.54cm)/ #chest 12-13inch / #umbilcal cord falls off in 1-2 week /
#Stool =
1st stool(Mecconium)-> black +tarry(passes w/in 12-24hrs),
thin, green,brown->3days,
#formula feedings (1-2 pale yellow/light brown stools) OR Breast feeding(loose golden yellow stools with sour milk odor)
*1파운드=0.45kg * 1 inch= 2.54cm

51
Q

HypoKalemia VS HyperKalemia EKG

A

HypoKalemia

: Flat T wave, Depressed ST, Prominant U wave#HyperKalemia
: Tall T wave, Wide QRS, Long PR wave

52
Q

5 P’s of Fx

A

Pain, Pallor, pulseless, paresthesia, paralysis

53
Q

Cushing’s triad

A

두개내압이 증가되면서 나타나는 징후(ICP indication)terminal stages of acute head injury and may indicate imminent brain herniation
: HR ↑, BP↑, RR(irregular)

54
Q

단위계산

A 
# 1ib = 16 oz ; 1T =3tsp =5ml
# 1c = 8oz =240ml 
# 2c= 1pt =16oz
# 1oz= 30ml= 8dreams / 1mg=1000mcg
# 2pt= 1qt= 32oz /1g=15gr
# 4qt= 1gal =128oz / 1gr= 60mg
55
Q

Med trivia(약물상식)

A 
#Talwan and Stadol(마취제) => Avoid (opioid agonist antagonist)- much less effective than opioid[아편제제] agonist[작용제]
#No Tagamet(위산 분비 억제제 상품명. 성분명= cimetidine) with warfarin
#Ergostat(Ergotamine)=> For migraine(편두통)
#No quinolones/ Tetracyclines(항생제) with pregnancy
#No ASA/NSAIDS in Hemophilia A Pt.
#Lipitor(아토르바스타틴. 스타틴 계열 약물, 콜레스테롤 합성 억제->고지혈증 치료) =PM ONLY,  no grapefruit juice
#tPA(tissue plasminogen), Urokinase=dissolves clots. plasmin 활성화
56
Q

Fundal Height

A 
배길이 측정
#top of symphis pubis to top of fundus(아두골반 곡대기에서 자궁 밑까지)
#Gross estimate of dates.
#Use a non-stretchable tape measure
#12-14 wks (at level of symphis[아두.아기머리])
#show after week 14 (can tell preg)
#20wks (~20cm) at level of umbilicus
#rises 1cm/wk till 36wks then varies.
57
Q

Quickening

A

첫태동감. fetal movement ; 16-20wks

58
Q

Fetal Heartbeat

A

8-12wks(By.doppler) and 18-20wks by ausculating with stethoscope[청진기]

59
Q

preterm
term
postterm

A 
preterm= 20-37 wks
term= 38-42wks
postterm= 42wks plus
60
Q

Total preg wt gain

A

11-14kg ( 25-35Ib)

61
Q

300cal during preg(Daily) and 200-500 cal during breastfeeding (daily)

A

.

62
Q

caffeine

A

<300mg/day (500-750ml/day -> risk of spontaneous abortion or fetal intaurine growth restriction[자궁내태아성장지연])

63
Q

Uterine contraction

Contraction

A

자궁수축. can be felt after 4th month = Braxton Hicks. 가진통. 배뭉침
Contractions facilitate uterine Blood flow through placenta and promote O2 delivery to fetus
자궁수축은 태반을 통한 자궁혈류를 촉진하고 태아에게 O2공급을 촉진한다.

64
Q

Amniotic Fluid

A 
#normal: 800-1200ml (transparent/ clear, no odor)
#300ml 미만: oligoamnios (양수과소증). kidney problem. 아 기형이 있을 때 발생합니다. 태아는 양수를 먹고 소변으로 배출하고 하는데, 소변 보는 길에 문제가 생기면 양수가 감소하는 것입니다. 초음파 검사시에 양수 감소증이 발견되면 태아의 요로계에 무슨 문제가 있는 것은 아닌지 잘 관찰해야 합니다.
#hydramnios (양수과다증)
65
Q

Umbilical cord

A

2 artery, 1 vein

66
Q

Placenta

A

Fetal lungs in utero. 태반이 자궁안에서 태아의 폐역할

67
Q

alchol, caffeine, nicotine, meds

A

easily cross placenta (viruses can cross bacteria cannot; exs of viruses (HIV, AIDS, Herpes, Measles, Toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis)

68
Q

AFP test

A

기형아검사. 알파 태아단백질이 간암 혹은 난황에서 유래된 생식세포종양에서 증가될 수 있는 것을 이용하여 이들 종양의 진단에 사용되는 검사법. 이는 진단뿐 아니라 종양의 병기 결정, 치료 효과 판정에 이용.

69
Q

Fetal distress

A 
#HR<110 OR 160<
#fetal hyperactivity OR no activity
#Fetal blood pH7.2
70
Q

Lesions of midbrain

A

중뇌 병변. decerebrate positioning.

71
Q

Morphin toxicitty

A

pinpoint pupils

72
Q

corticosteroid effects

A

acne,Hirituism, Mood swings, osteoporosis and adrenal suppression[부신기능억제] (in kids =delayed growth)

73
Q

beta-blocker

A

Mask effect of hypoglycemia

74
Q

somogyi effect

A

BG(blood-glucose) sometimes up and somnetimes down.

75
Q

dawn phenomenon

A

새벽현상.

high BG in DAWN hrs(5-8AM) 인슐린 의존성 당뇨병 환자에 있어서 이른 아침에 혈당이 상승하여 인슐린의 투여를 필요로 하는 현상.

76
Q

AFTER

A 
#post tracheostomy = keep O2 and suction at bedside
#post pleural Bx = chest tube and drainage system at bedside
#post parathyroidectomy[부갑상선제거술]= trachestomy at bedside
#tonic clonic seizure[간질전신발작] = suction apparatus[장치] at bedside
#Paracentesis = BP cuff at bedside
77
Q

PASS

A 
to use a fire extinghuisher
#P = pull pin
#A = aim at base fire
#S = squeeze handle.
#S = sweep fire from side to side
78
Q

FOL

A 
folic acid rich foods(엽산 많은 음식들0
# F= fish
# O= organ meats, oranges
# L= Leafy green veggies
79
Q

K+ Foods (ROYGBIV-Rainbow colors)

A 
#Red - strawberries, tomatoes (not apples)
#Orange - 
#Yellow - banana
#Green - avocado, green veggies
#Blue - Fish from the BLUE sea
#Indigo[남색]/Violet - Raisens
80
Q

PEDS

A 
#toddler - fear of separation (give simple directions)
#Preschooler - fear multilation (allow to play with equipment)
#School agers - fear loss of control (allow to play with equipment)
#adol - fear loss of independence
81
Q

Pneumothorax symp(P-Thorax)

A 
#P - pleuritic pain(흉막염 통증)
#T - trachea deviation (기관변위)
#H - hyperresonance(과공명음)
#O - onset sudden
#R - reduced breath sounds (dyspnea)
#A - absent fremitus(진탕음 부재)
#X - x-rays show collapse(붕괴)
82
Q

Pulmonary edema Tx (MAD DOG)

A 
#M - morphine
#A - amniophylline
#D - digitalis
#D - diuretics
#O -O2
#G - Gasses in blood (ABGs)
83
Q

Who needs Dialysis?

A 
AEIOU
#A - acid/base problems
#E - electrolyte problems
#I - intoxications
#O - overload of fluids
#U-uremic symptoms
84
Q

Cushing’s dx

A 
cushing - too much steroids
#3 S's =high steroid, high sugars(hyperglycemia), high sodium 
#Moon face, Buffalohump, truncal obesity, thin skinny extremities, slow wound healng osteoporosis, HTN, muscle wasting
85
Q

Addison’s Dx

A 
need to ADD steroid
#3S's = low steroid, low sugar, low sodium
#low vascular volume (Not holding salt and H2O like in cushing's), low BP
#Hyperkalemia
#Bronze skin, Hyperpigmentation
86
Q

Allens test

A 
B4 drawing ABGs do an allen test
#compress both radial and ulnaer arteries(wrist) at same time on 1 hand
#Release the ULNAR side (pink) and hand should turn discolored and should be able to see blood flow back into it
#Radial-is located on the thumb side and ulnar is on the pinky side
#Minutes of press on the ABG site after drawing blood?
#5-10 min or 15-20 min if on anti-coagulants
#After a liver Bx place patients on the RIGHT side.
87
Q

Mobility-cane

A

COAL
Cane
Opp
Affected Leg

88
Q

Mobility-2point gait

A

one leg and 1 crutch touch at the same time

weight bearing

89
Q

Mobility-3 point gait

A

both crutches and 1 foot

non-weight bearing

90
Q

Mobility- 4 point gait

A

Both legs and both cruches touch the ground

weight bearing

91
Q

Swingthrough gait

A 
#advancing both crutches, then both legs, and requires #weight bearing.
#not as stable as other gaits.
#laminectomy(척추후궁절제술)척추 뼈의 뒤쪽 구조물인 후궁을 제거하는 수술
= removal of 1 OR more vertebral laminae- need straight back after - LOGROLL (신체선열을 유지하는 것)
92
Q

Keep back straight (so flat bed)

A

intususception(장중첩증)
seen in Non-hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Hot dog mass in RUQ
Red Currant Jelly Like mucus and bloody stool

Macule =flat and round

93
Q

ostomy?

A

(인공항문설치술) = pouch opening 1/8 in larger than (인공항문설치술) = pouch opening 1/8 in larger than stoma

94
Q

Macule
Papule
Vesicle
Impetigo

A 
Macule= 반점. flat and round
Papule= 구진. rounded and red
Vesicle= 소수포. filled with fluid.
Impetigo= 농가진. 1:20 Burrow's soln, honey colored crusts. 세균에 감염되어 물집과 고름, 딱지가 생기는 질환
95
Q

scabies

A

옴, 진드기

mites bury under skin

96
Q

RUQ pain

A 
# Cholelithiasis (gallstones); 담석증. 담석 때문에 담낭관이나 총담관이 막히고 거기에 세균이 감염되어 일어나는 질환
#Cholecystitis (inflamm of galbladder)
#Hepatitis
#Pancreatitis (severe knifelike pain; worse with eating/ lying down; some relief with fetal position)
97
Q

RLQ

A 
#crohn's Dx (Ileus, Rt.colon; pain after meals)
#Appendicitis(충수염) 맹장 선단에 붙은 충수에 일어나는 염증
#pain at Mcburney's point 
(1/2 b/w ubilicus and right iliac crest(장골능)
98
Q

LLQ

A 
#Ulcerative colitis[궤양성 대장염] (Rectum, left colon; pain pre-defecation)
#Diverticulitis[게실염] 대장의 벽에 생긴 게실 내에 장의 내용물이 고여 발생하는 염증, Relieved by passage of stool/ flatus[위장내가스]
99
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

십이지장 궤양

pain 2-3hrs after meals and nighttime (relieve pain with FOOD INTAKE)

100
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

위궤양
pain 1hr after meal/ when fasting ; relieve pain with vomiting, not with food intake (Starve the gastric ulcer and feed the duodenal)

101
Q

Diverticular Dx

A

cramping[경련] in LLQ relieved by passage of stool and flatus[위장내가스] (constipation atlernates with dia [from def in diet fiber] high fiber diet)

102
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

메켈 게실
영아기, 학령전기에 많이 생기는 장출혈
congen sac or pouch in ileum, symp seen by age 2; painless rectal bleeding , abd, hematochezia,(currant jelly like stool), s/s of appendicitis (Tx = remove diverticulum)

103
Q

Cirrhosis

A 
간경변
#biliary obstruction, alchol, hepatitis
#early stage = high protein/ carbs and Vit.B
#adv stage = low fiber / salt/ fat/ protein , high cal, fluid restriction
104
Q

Esophageal varices

A 
식도정맥류
#sengstaken blackemore Tube or Minnesota tube
#balloon on seophagus and stomach to apply direct press on bleeding veins
#TIPS( transesophageal intrahepatic post systemic shunt)
#balloon cath inserted via jugular vein with angiography to create a metal stent b/w portal vein 
to vena cava channel (provides a pathway for blood b/w portal vein and hepatic vein= bypass cirrhotic liver) and relieves press on esoph verices
105
Q

Jaundice(Icterus)

A 
혈액 속의 빌리루빈이 이상적으로 증가하여 피부나 점액에 침착되어 노랗게 염색된 상태
#hemolytic  : RBCs are destroyed (release bilirubin)
#hemolytic transfusion rxn(용혈수혈반응)
#Hemolytic anemia
#Sickle cell crisis
#Hepatocelluar(간세포의) : the impaired liver cjugated to the cell (hepatocyte) dosen't allow bilirubin to convert from the unconjugated to the conjugated form
#obstructive : bile flow is obstructed
#tumors
106
Q

EKG- normal sinus

A 
#60-100
#PQRST nml EKG strip
107
Q

EKG- sinus brady

A 
#<60
#Tx: atropine
#can be nml in physically fit/trainer person = then n Tx 운동하는 사람들은 서맥이어도 Tx 필요없음.
108
Q

EKG- 1st degree AV block

A 
#prolonged PR interval
#Nml PR interval : 0.12-0.20
#conduction problems
#Drugs( dig, beta blockers,Ca chnnel blocker) can cause by slowing conduction system (slows conduction from SA node to AV node to purkingee fibers = see slowed PR (Atrial response)
#Usu don't see sym-> not treated. Usu가 뭐람..
109
Q

atrial flutter

A

심방조동#saw tooth appearance
: atrium racing away, blood pools and can throw a clot->stroke
: treat wuth caridversion 20-50 jules (nurse must hit Synchronize button)

110
Q

Atrial fib

A 
심방조동. 심방이 1분간에 250∼350의 빈도로 규칙적으로 수축하는 상태.
#ventricle beats are irregular
#Atrium quivers[가볍게 떨림], not good pump
#Cardiovert 50-100 jules
#If in hospital and were stable b4 going into a fib = give cardizem drip and beta blockers b4 cardioversion.
111
Q

V-tach

A 
심실성 빈맥 venticular tachycardia
# wide QRS complexes
# V Tach and awake drugs I must take (amiodarone or lidocaine)
#V tach and a nap (unconscious) zap zap zap (defibrillate)
# can only stay in for 2-3 min(can die)
112
Q

V fib

A 
심실조동
#irreg makes no sense
#only way to Tx= defibrillaate start at 360 jules
#Epi (to HR)
113
Q

Stroke

A 
# right sided
 : impatient, easily distracted, impulsive, less concerned about life events, safety is a big issue (impulse)
#Left sided
 : slow, cautious, particular, very aware of deficits, greater depression/anxiety
(think Rt. brain = creative, Lt.Brain =logical, math, science)

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