Zoonosis from Milk & Water Flashcards
How is Mycobacterium bovis transmitted to people?
Aerosol
Ingestion of milk, feces, or lymph node contents
Percutaneous exposure
How do you control Mycobacterium bovis?
Eliminate animal reservoir
Milk pasteurization
What are the two pathogenic Brucella spp. in people?
Brucella melitensis
Brucella abortus
How is Brucella transmitted?
Ingestion
Mucous membranes exposure
percutaneous inoculation
How do you control Brucella spp.?
Eliminate the animal reservoir
Monitor Swine at the abattoir
Reduce public exposure: pasteurization of milk and milk based products
How is Coxiella burnetii transmitted?
Aersol exposure
Environmental contamination
What are the barriers to control of M. bovis, Brucella, and Coxiella?
Wildlife Reservoirs
Compliance of animal workers
Social cost/veterinary infrastructure
Why is it hard to control Crypto and Giardia?
Difficult to kill with chlorine
must filter water!
What are the two most important Crypto spp.?
C.parvum
C. hominis
How does an outbreak of C. parvum occur?
overflow/flooding of animal waste holding ponds or feedlot/dairy pens into surface water
What are the clinical signs for Crypto in humans?
Diarrhea
What are the clinical signs for Giardia humans?
Chronic greasy foul smelling diarrhea
weight loss
How do you prevent Crypto and Giardia infection?
Proper treatment (filter) of drinking water
Wash produce
Reduce exposure to recreational water
NO diapers in swimming pools
What organ does Lepto infect?
Kidney
How is Lepto transmitted?
Ingestion of water containing Lepto
Mucous membranes or broken skin in contact with water containing Lepto
Contact with animal urine containing Lepto
What are the clinical signs of Acute Lepto?
Fever Depression Lethargy Icterus Headache/malaise/ocular pain Renal damage
What are the clinical signs of Chronic Lepto?
Abortions
Stillbirths
weak offspring
Chronic renal insufficiency
How do you control Lepto?
Reduce the Reservoir through Rodent control and treatment with antibiotics and vaccines for animals
Reduce human exposure through clean water and the use of gloves
What is the definitive host of trematodes?
vertebrates
How do you control Schistosomiasis?
Avoid swimming in freshwater
Treat reservoir hosts
Kill intermediate molluscs
Swimmer’s Itch
Caused by skin invasion by aquatic stage of bird trematodes
How do humans become infected with Fasciola spp?
Eating vegetables contaminated with metecercariae
