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RUSVM Epidemiology 2016 > Zoonosis from Milk & Water > Flashcards

Zoonosis from Milk & Water Flashcards

1
Q

How is Mycobacterium bovis transmitted to people?

A

Aerosol
Ingestion of milk, feces, or lymph node contents
Percutaneous exposure

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2
Q

How do you control Mycobacterium bovis?

A

Eliminate animal reservoir

Milk pasteurization

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3
Q

What are the two pathogenic Brucella spp. in people?

A

Brucella melitensis

Brucella abortus

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4
Q

How is Brucella transmitted?

A

Ingestion
Mucous membranes exposure
percutaneous inoculation

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5
Q

How do you control Brucella spp.?

A

Eliminate the animal reservoir
Monitor Swine at the abattoir
Reduce public exposure: pasteurization of milk and milk based products

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6
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii transmitted?

A

Aersol exposure

Environmental contamination

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7
Q

What are the barriers to control of M. bovis, Brucella, and Coxiella?

A

Wildlife Reservoirs
Compliance of animal workers
Social cost/veterinary infrastructure

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8
Q

Why is it hard to control Crypto and Giardia?

A

Difficult to kill with chlorine

must filter water!

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9
Q

What are the two most important Crypto spp.?

A

C.parvum

C. hominis

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10
Q

How does an outbreak of C. parvum occur?

A

overflow/flooding of animal waste holding ponds or feedlot/dairy pens into surface water

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11
Q

What are the clinical signs for Crypto in humans?

A

Diarrhea

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs for Giardia humans?

A

Chronic greasy foul smelling diarrhea

weight loss

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13
Q

How do you prevent Crypto and Giardia infection?

A

Proper treatment (filter) of drinking water
Wash produce
Reduce exposure to recreational water
NO diapers in swimming pools

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14
Q

What organ does Lepto infect?

A

Kidney

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15
Q

How is Lepto transmitted?

A

Ingestion of water containing Lepto
Mucous membranes or broken skin in contact with water containing Lepto
Contact with animal urine containing Lepto

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Acute Lepto?

A 
Fever
Depression
Lethargy
Icterus
Headache/malaise/ocular pain
Renal damage
17
Q

What are the clinical signs of Chronic Lepto?

A

Abortions
Stillbirths
weak offspring
Chronic renal insufficiency

18
Q

How do you control Lepto?

A

Reduce the Reservoir through Rodent control and treatment with antibiotics and vaccines for animals
Reduce human exposure through clean water and the use of gloves

19
Q

What is the definitive host of trematodes?

A

vertebrates

20
Q

How do you control Schistosomiasis?

A

Avoid swimming in freshwater
Treat reservoir hosts
Kill intermediate molluscs

21
Q

Swimmer’s Itch

A

Caused by skin invasion by aquatic stage of bird trematodes

22
Q

How do humans become infected with Fasciola spp?

A

Eating vegetables contaminated with metecercariae

RUSVM Epidemiology 2016 (20 decks)

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