Viral Foodborne Diseases Flashcards
What are the most common causes of foodborne illness?
Viruses
Where does Hepatitis A replicate?
Liver
Does infection with Hepatitis A show symptoms in infants and children?
NO
What is the reservoir for Hepatitis A?
Humans
Non-human primates
How long is Hepatitis A shed for before illness ?
1-3 weeks
What are the two types of Endemicity?
High
Low
High Endemicity
Poor socioeconomic conditions allow HAV to spread from person to person. Entire population is infected as children. There is minimal clinical disease
Low Endemicity
Better sanitation reduces transmission. Seroprevalence is lower. The average age of infection goes up and there is more clinical disease. Outbreaks more often because more adults are susceptible
What is the transmission of Hepatitis A?
Fecal-Oral
Food and water contaminated with feces
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?
28 days
What is the duration of illness for Hepatitis A?
2 weeks - 3 months
What are the clinical signs associated with Hepatitis A?
Diarrhea Dark Urine Jaundice Flu-like symptoms Nausea Anorexia Fever Malaise abdominal pain
What is the treatment for Hepatitis A?
Supportive Care
How you prevent Hepatitis A?
Vaccination
Proper sewage and water treatment
Proper preparation, cooking, and handling of food, wash veggies, and fruit
Block transmission with personal hygiene
What is the most common cause of foodborne illness world wide?
Norovirus
What is the reservoir for Norovirus?
People
How is Norovirus transmitted?
Fecal-oral
Contaminated Food or Water
Contaminated surfaces
When does norovirus start shedding post infection?
18 hours
How long does Norovirus shed for?
13-56 days
What is the incubation period for Norovirus?
12-48 hours
What is the duration of illness for Norovirus?
24-72 hours
What are the clinical signs of Norovirus?
Nausea
Acute onset vomiting
Watery non-bloody diarrhea with abdominal cramps
“Two Bucket Disease”
What is the treatment for Norovirus?
Supportive Care
How do you prevent Norovirus?
Good Sanitation
Proper preparation, cooking and handling of foods
Proper sewage and water treatment
Block transmission through hygiene
Where is Norovirus commonly found?
on Cruise ships
What is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children around the world?
Rotavirus
What is the reservoir for Rotavirus?
People
How is Rotavirus transmitted?
Fecal-oral
Contaminated Food and Water
Fomites contaminated with feces
How long is Rotavirus shed?
2-10 days after onset of diarhhea
Who is most at risk for Rotavirus?
Children in daycares and hospitals
Parents or workers in day cares and hosptials
Immunodeficient people
What is the incubation period for Rotavirus?
less than 48 hours
What is the duration of illness for Rotavirus?
3-7 days
What are the clinical signs of Rotavirus?
Diarrhea
temporary lactose intolerance
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance
What is the treatment for Rotavirus?
Supportive Care
How do you prevent Rotavirus?
Vaccination
Proper sanitation
Proper preparation, cooking, and handling of food
Personal hygiene
What is the difference between Viral and bacterial foodborne illness?
Bacterial illnesses have a moderate incubation, lack of vomiting and longer duration of illness
What is the difference between viral and parasitic foodborne illnesses?
Parasitic illnesses have a longer incubation period and a longer duration of illness
