Mosquitoes and Zoonoses Flashcards
How are most disease acquired by mosquitoes
Blood meal
How are disease transmitted by mosquito?
During feeding
What viruses make up the Equine Encephalitis viruses
Western Equine Encephalitis
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Venezuelan equine encephalitis
What do equine encephalitis viruses cause in horses and humans?
Encephalitis and fever
What are natural reservoirs for Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Viruses?
Birds
What is the enzootic reservoir for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis?
Rodents
What is the epizootic reservoir for Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis?
Horses
Incidental hosts
dead end hosts that cannot infect mosquitoes
What is the enzootic reservoir cycle for the Encephalitis viruses?
Wild birds and mosquitoes
What is the epizootic cycle for Eastern encephalitis virus?
Between birds and incidental hosts (horses, humans, swine, ratites)
Which virus is the most virulent of the Equine Encephalitis viruses?
Eastern
What are the clinical signs of Equine Encephalitis viruses in equines?
Fever, Anorexia, lethargy
Excitability, drowsiness, paresis, seizures, coma
What are the clinical signs for EEEV in Swine and Ratites?
GI disease
Hepatits
What are the clinical signs of all EEVs in humans?
Flu-like illness
encephalitis
Coma
death
What is the enzootic cycle for VEEV?
Rodents and mosquitoes
What is the clinical sign for VEEV in equines?
Peracute death
What are the cliinical signs of VEEV in humans?
Fever
Neurological signs
How do you prevent VEED?
Report
Sentinel surveillance
Similar control methods to WEEV and EEEV
What are the clinical signs for West Nile Virus in horses?
Neurological signs: Ataxia, hypermetria, weakness, paresis, recumbency, death
What are the clinical signs of West Nile Virus in humans?
Asymptomatic
Fever
Neuroinvasive disease
How is WNV spread?
Bite of an infected mosquito
West Nile Virus secondary transmission?
bloodborne infection
lab exposure
breast milk
What are the clinical signs of Chikungunya?
Fever Headache Fatigue Nausea vomiting muscle pain rash joint pain