Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
What are the primary long term reservoirs for Francisella tularensis?
Rodents
Lagomorphs
How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?
Sheep: Tick borne
Cats: eating infected rodents
People: ticks or direct contact with animal/carcasses
Aerosol exposure
What is the primary cycle for Y. pestis?
Rodent-flea-rodent
How are people infected with Y. pestis?
Infected flea bite
aerosol
directly from infected animal blood or abscesses
What are the clinical signs of Y. pestis in cats?
Fever Lethargy anorexia sepsis Lymphadenopathy
How do you prevent infection of people from cats?
Isolation of cats
Vet Staff PPE
How are herbivores infected with Bacillus anthracis?
Ingest spores in soil while grazing
inhalation of spores
How are carnivores infected with Bacillus anthracis?
eat infected herbivores
inhalation of spores
How are veterinarians infected with Bacillus anthracis?
aerosol
percutaneous exposure to blood
What are the clinical signs of Bacillus anthracis?
Necrotic eschar at the point of entry atypical pneumonia sepsis massive edema shock DIC death
What is the reservoir for Hantavirus?
Rodents
What is the transmission for Hantavirus?
Aerosol - Inhalation of viruses in urine or feces
Bite
What are the clinical signs of Hantavirus in humans?
Fever
Chills
Mylagia
headache
What is the clinical signs of “Old World” Hantavirus?
Hemorrhagic Fever
Renal damage
Cardiovascular shock
What are the risk factors for humans for hantavirus?
Rodent contact
working with rodents or rodent habitats
What fungal infections are aerosolized from spores in the environment?
Blastomyces
Coccidiodes
What fungal infections are excreted by birds and bats into the soil?
Histoplasma
Cryptococcus
What are the clinical signs of fungal pulmonary infection?
High fever
night sweats
Enlarged pulmonary lymph nodes
Radiographic masses
What is the reservoir for Coccidiodes immitis?
Soil
What influenzas have documented human transmission?
Swine
Bird
Why are swine susceptible to both human and avian strains?
They are viral mixing vessels
How is influenza transmitted between people?
Direct
Indirect through contaminated surfaces
How is influenza transmitted between swine?
Direct
Aerosolization
How is influenza transmitted between wild birds?
Fecal-oral
Saliva
Nasal secretions
How is influenza transmitted between poultry?
Direct
contaminated surfaces
manure handling
dust
What is the treatment for influenza in humans?
Antivirals
What is the treatments for influenza in animals?
Supportive care
Control and Prevention of Influenza
REPORT Wear PPE Test and Isolate sick animals Educate owners Vaccines for animals and humans
Who is at risk for contracting Q-fever?
Slaughterhouse personnel
Vets
people working with pregnant animals
How is Q-fever transmitted?
Windborne in dust Exposure to parturient cats Shed in birth products Lower shedding in feces and urine Tick borne
How do you control Q-fever?
Immediately seek medical attention if suspected
Segregate parturient animals and burn placentas and other birth products
Proper bio safety procedures
Vaccinate livestock
What are the two forms of Chylamydia?
Elementary body
reticulate body
Who is at risk for contracting chlamydia?
Bird owners
pet store workers
vets
poultry and poultry processing
How is chlamydia transmitted in birds?
Fecal-oral
How is Chlamydia transmitted in humans?
Direct handling of infected birds
How do you control the spread of Chlamydia?
Counsel pet bird owners on signs of parrot fever
Consider disease in any sick bird with lethargy and nonspecific signs especially if stressed
Biosafety measures in handling infected birds
