Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

What are the primary long term reservoirs for Francisella tularensis?

Answer 1

Rodents

Lagomorphs

Question 2

How is Francisella tularensis transmitted?

Answer 2

Sheep: Tick borne
Cats: eating infected rodents
People: ticks or direct contact with animal/carcasses
Aerosol exposure

Question 3

What is the primary cycle for Y. pestis?

Answer 3

Rodent-flea-rodent

Question 4

How are people infected with Y. pestis?

Answer 4

Infected flea bite
aerosol
directly from infected animal blood or abscesses

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of Y. pestis in cats?

Answer 5

Fever
Lethargy
anorexia
sepsis
Lymphadenopathy

Question 6

How do you prevent infection of people from cats?

Answer 6

Isolation of cats

Vet Staff PPE

Question 7

How are herbivores infected with Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 7

Ingest spores in soil while grazing

inhalation of spores

Question 8

How are carnivores infected with Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 8

eat infected herbivores

inhalation of spores

Question 9

How are veterinarians infected with Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 9

aerosol

percutaneous exposure to blood

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 10

Necrotic eschar at the point of entry
atypical pneumonia
sepsis
massive edema
shock 
DIC
death

Question 11

What is the reservoir for Hantavirus?

Answer 11

Rodents

Question 12

What is the transmission for Hantavirus?

Answer 12

Aerosol - Inhalation of viruses in urine or feces

Bite

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of Hantavirus in humans?

Answer 13

Fever
Chills
Mylagia
headache

Question 14

What is the clinical signs of “Old World” Hantavirus?

Answer 14

Hemorrhagic Fever
Renal damage
Cardiovascular shock

Question 15

What are the risk factors for humans for hantavirus?

Answer 15

Rodent contact

working with rodents or rodent habitats

Question 16

What fungal infections are aerosolized from spores in the environment?

Answer 16

Blastomyces

Coccidiodes

Question 17

What fungal infections are excreted by birds and bats into the soil?

Answer 17

Histoplasma

Cryptococcus

Question 18

What are the clinical signs of fungal pulmonary infection?

Answer 18

High fever
night sweats
Enlarged pulmonary lymph nodes
Radiographic masses

Question 19

What is the reservoir for Coccidiodes immitis?

Answer 19

Soil

Question 20

What influenzas have documented human transmission?

Answer 20

Swine

Bird

Question 21

Why are swine susceptible to both human and avian strains?

Answer 21

They are viral mixing vessels

Question 22

How is influenza transmitted between people?

Answer 22

Direct

Indirect through contaminated surfaces

Question 23

How is influenza transmitted between swine?

Answer 23

Direct

Aerosolization

Question 24

How is influenza transmitted between wild birds?

Answer 24

Fecal-oral
Saliva
Nasal secretions

Question 25

How is influenza transmitted between poultry?

Answer 25

Direct contaminated surfaces manure handling dust

Question 26

What is the treatment for influenza in humans?

Answer 26

Antivirals

Question 27

What is the treatments for influenza in animals?

Answer 27

Supportive care

Question 28

Control and Prevention of Influenza

Answer 28

``` REPORT Wear PPE Test and Isolate sick animals Educate owners Vaccines for animals and humans ```

Question 29

Who is at risk for contracting Q-fever?

Answer 29

Slaughterhouse personnel Vets people working with pregnant animals

Question 30

How is Q-fever transmitted?

Answer 30

``` Windborne in dust Exposure to parturient cats Shed in birth products Lower shedding in feces and urine Tick borne ```

Question 31

How do you control Q-fever?

Answer 31

Immediately seek medical attention if suspected Segregate parturient animals and burn placentas and other birth products Proper bio safety procedures Vaccinate livestock

Question 32

What are the two forms of Chylamydia?

Answer 32

Elementary body | reticulate body

Question 33

Who is at risk for contracting chlamydia?

Answer 33

Bird owners pet store workers vets poultry and poultry processing

Question 34

How is chlamydia transmitted in birds?

Answer 34

Fecal-oral

Question 35

How is Chlamydia transmitted in humans?

Answer 35

Direct handling of infected birds

Question 36

How do you control the spread of Chlamydia?

Answer 36

Counsel pet bird owners on signs of parrot fever Consider disease in any sick bird with lethargy and nonspecific signs especially if stressed Biosafety measures in handling infected birds