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RUSVM Epidemiology 2016 > Milk Hygiene > Flashcards

Milk Hygiene Flashcards

1
Q

Who regulates Grade A Milk?

A

Defined and Regulated by Pasteurized Milk Ordinance

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2
Q

Grade A Milk

A

milk for liquid consumption and any milk in interstate commerce

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3
Q

What are some contaminants of milk?

A 
Antibiotics & other drugs
pesticides
colostrum 
off-flavors
other adulterants
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4
Q

What are the causes of high bacterial counts

A 
Milking dirty cows
Cleaning water temperature and volume 
Cracked rubber parts 
Dirty gaskets
Biofilm in the bulk tank 
Inadequate cleaning of bulk tank 
Mastitis bacteria
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5
Q

Clarifier

A

Remove sediment

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6
Q

Separator

A

separate milk with different amounts of fat

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7
Q

What is Pasteurization based on?

A

the thermal death of Coxiella burnetii

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8
Q

Batch pasteuriztion

A

Entire vat is heated and held at temperature for the appropriate length of time

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9
Q

Continuous Pasteurization

A

Milk flows through a heated tube with a carefully monitored transit time and temperature
Less of a “cooked” flavor than with batch methods

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10
Q

What are the sources of Microbes in Milk?

A 
Udder Infections
Exterior of animal 
Air
Milking equipment
Personnel 
Water
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11
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammatory reaction of the udder

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12
Q

What are some causes of Mastitis?

A 
S aureus
streptococcus spp.
E.coli
Klebsiella
Mycoplasma spp.
Serratia
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13
Q

Somatic Cells

A

Leukocytes

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14
Q

What is the legal maximum somatic cell count in a bulk milk tank?

A

750,000

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15
Q

What are the beliefs that have led to sales of unpasteurized milk?

A

Nutrients are lost by pasteurization

pasteurization causes milk allergies

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16
Q

Standards for Grad A Pasteurized Milk:

A

Cooled to 45F and maintained
less than 20,000 bacteria per ml
less than 10 coliform bacteria per ml
Phosphatase test must be negative

17
Q

Healthy Cow Somatic Cell Count

A

Less than 100,000 per ml

18
Q

Standard for Grade A pasteurized milk for cheese or cottage cheese:

A

no bacterial limit

Coliform bacteria less than 10 per ml

19
Q

Other contaminants of milk:

A 
Antibiotics and other drugs
Pesticides
Colostrum 
Off-flavors
Other adulterants

RUSVM Epidemiology 2016 (20 decks)

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