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PID > Zoonosis > Flashcards

Zoonosis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of clinical signs can be seen in zoonoses?

A
  1. Human sick, animal has no signs
  2. Human and animal are sick (Ex: Rabies)
  3. Human has no signs, animal is sick (Ex: TB, Bacillus anthracis- deadly in animals only)
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2
Q

RNA viruses

A
  • no proof reading
  • greater # of genetic variant

This means some won’t reproduce and other will be strong and different enough to extend the host range (Some will have mutation that can survive disease)

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3
Q

DNA viruses

A

-Has proof reading

Greater stability but less variability

Restricts host range

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4
Q

What is zoo-anthroponoses?

A

Zoonoses from ANIMALS to HUMANS

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5
Q

What is Anthropo-zoonoses?

A

Zoonoses from HUMANS to ANIMALS

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6
Q

What is the WHO definition?

A

Diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted from vertebrates and humans

Excludes Anthropods!

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7
Q

What are some characteristics of prions?

A
  • Infectious proteins
  • Long incubation, can last years without showing signs
  • ALWAYS fatal
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8
Q

What kind of virus creates a greater genetic instability?

A

RNA viruses (no proof reading)

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9
Q

Who is most likely to be affected by zoonotic diseases?

A

YOPI

Young
Old
Pregnant
Immuno-supressed

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10
Q

True or false: Anthropod vectored diseases can be zoonotic

A

FALSE.

Anthropods can NOT be zoonotic

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11
Q

Can zoonotic disease be passed on through experimental lab procedures?

A

No. It must be transmitted naturally

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12
Q

Where can zoonosis come from?

A
  • Parasites
  • Fungi
  • Prions
  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
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13
Q

HIV

A

Zoonotic origin

Used to be transmitted from animals to humans but now is only transmitted from human to human

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14
Q

Food Borne Infections

A

Not all are zoonotic, but some are

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15
Q

What is an example of a zoonotic disease that is almost always deadly?

A

Rabies!

Animals and humans both show sickness

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16
Q

What is an example of a zoonotic disease where humans show no clinical signs but the animal appears sick?

A

Anthrax, TB

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17
Q

True or false: Measles and mumps are zoonotic

A

FALSE

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18
Q

What is sapronosis/geonosis?

A

Disease resulting from a causative agent present in environment (Ex: Soil, Water)

Ex: Cryptosporidium

19
Q

What is emerging zoonoses?

A
  1. Newly recognized or newly evolved zoonosis
  2. Zoonoses that has increased in incidence
  3. Zoonoses that occurred previously but now has expanded in geographical, host, or vector range
20
Q

What percent of pathogens in humans are zoonotic?

A

61%

21
Q

What percent of all emerging pathogens are zoonotic?

A

75%

22
Q

Bacterial zoonoses

A
  • All possible transmission routes (scratch, bite, inhalation, food, vectors, enviro)
  • Risk for veterinarians
  • Antimicrobial resistance
23
Q

Parasitic zoonoses

A
  • Human can be final, intermediate, or paratenic host

Agents:
1. Protozoa
2. Helminths (trematodes/nematodes)
3. Acanthocephala

24
Q

Prion zoonoses

A

INFECTIOUS PROTEINS

-Long incubation
- Always fatal: neurodegeneration

25
Q

Examples of prion zoonotic diseases in ANIMALS

A
  1. Scrapie- prion affecting sheep
  2. Chronic wasting disease- affects deer
  3. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: cattle being fed cattle
26
Q

Why is cattle being fed cattle banned?

A

Because a new variant of Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease was found in humans (cow prion infected a human)

27
Q

What is Kuru?

A

A human prion zoonotic disease resulting in tremors and dementia leading to death

From eating brains of the dead

28
Q

What is an example of a Fungal zoonotic disease?

A

Ringworm/ Dermatophytoses: keratinophilic fungi

Trichophyton

Microsporum

29
Q

What are some occupational fungal zoonoses?

A
  1. Blastomyces dermatitidis: from dust and poop
  2. Histoplasma capsulatum
  3. Coccidioides immitis
  4. C. posadasii
30
Q

What type of pathogen causes lyme disease?

A

A bacteria

31
Q

What is the transmission route of lyme disease to humans?

A

Indirect by vector (tick)

Type of tick: Hardtick, lxodes spp.

32
Q

Which animal is the most important reservoir of Lyme Disease?

A

RODENTS

33
Q

What agency is Lyme disease reported to?

A

CDC only

34
Q

What is the agent of Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (bacteria)

35
Q

Brucellosis agent, transmission, reservoir, and report?

A

Agent: brucella melitensis

Transmitted directly or indirectly by fomite/vehicle

Reservoir: Cattle in b. abortus, goats in b. melitensis

Reported to CDC and USDA

36
Q

What type of pathogen is Brucella spp?

A

A bacteria

37
Q

Which animal is the most important reservoir of the Brucella abortus?

A

Cattle

38
Q

Which agency is Brucella spp. reported to?

A

CDC and USDA

USDA because it causes abortions in cattle (b abortus)

39
Q

What type of pathogen is Sin Nombre?

A

A virus

40
Q

What is the transmission route of hantavirus to human?

A

Direct or indirect by fomite or vehicle

41
Q

Which animal is the most important reservoir of hantavirus?

A

RODENTS

42
Q

Which agency is Hantavirus reported to?

A

CDC only

43
Q

Hantavirus

A

A bunyaviridae (RNA) virus

Transmitted directly or indirectly through fomites or vehicles (Feces in dust)

Reservoir is rodents

Report to CDC

PID (13 decks)

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