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Phenotypic Methods- Dr Becker Flashcards

1
Q

What are phenotypic characteristics?

A

Observable characteristics of microorganisms

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2
Q

True or False: A virus can be seen on light microscope

A

False

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3
Q

Disadvantages of microscope identification

A
  • Mild/ chronic infection may not be detected
  • Not all specimens can be used (Ex: fecal sample)
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4
Q

Advantages of microscope identification

A
  1. Determines cell/tissue morphology
  2. Cellular ass. of pathogens
  3. Impression of disease stage and severity
  4. Rapid and immediate analysis
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5
Q

Concentration technique

A

Used for parasite diagnosis

Ex: Feces, Vomit, Sputum

Flotation, Sedimentation, and Baermann test for larval identification

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6
Q

Baermann test

A

Conc. Technique

Uses a funnel to test larval identification

Warm water stimulates larvae

Method to extract nematode larvae from poop

Ex: lungworm larvae

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7
Q

McMaster egg counting slide

A

Determines egg types and level of infection (eggs per gram of feces)

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8
Q

Simple stain

A

uses 1 dye

Disadvantage: may not stain all components, difficult interpretation

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9
Q

Differential stain

A

uses more than 1 dye

more precise

Disadvantage: multistep, more time + reagents

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10
Q

Positive simple stain vs negative simple stain

A

Positive: stains cell

Negative: background is stained, cell structure is clear

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11
Q

H & E stain

A

detection of viral inclusion bodies

aggregates of proteins, represents site of viral replication

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12
Q

Hematoxylin

A

Basic stain, stains acidic components like nuclei

appears purple

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13
Q

Eosin

A

Acidic stain, stains basic components like cytoplasm and muscle and red blood cells

appears pink

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14
Q

Romanowsky stain

A

Diff quick stain

Histological staining for rapid staining

Modified Wright-Giemsa stain, studies pathogenic bacteria to cells

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15
Q

Gram stain

A

Differentiates gram + and gram - bacteria, targets peptidoglycans

Gram + is purple

Gram - is pink

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16
Q

Acid fast stain

A

Stains organisms w impenetrable cell wall

Ex: Mycobacterium, Cryptosporidium

17
Q

Capsule Stain

A

negative staining technique

uses nigrosine or congo red

Stained cells but unstained capsule

Ex: Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella, Clostridium

18
Q

Flagella Stain

A

flagella are thickened with mordant

19
Q

Endospore stain

A

spores are dyed by heating malachite green

20
Q

Fungal and parasite stains

A
  1. Lactophenol Cotton Blue Stain
  2. Gomori Methenamine Silver
  3. Periodic acid Schiff
  4. Wheatleys Trichome stain
21
Q

Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain

A

cotton blue stains chitin in cell wall of fungi

fungal stain

22
Q

Drawbacks of culture methods

A

Time consuming

Expensive

Unculturable bacteria

23
Q

What does culturing allow?

A

Identification

Assessment of AMR

Ability of microbe to cause disease

In depth studies of microbial characteristics and genetics

24
Q

Fastidious bacteria

A

requires specific nutrients and culture conditions

25
Culture broth
Nutrient broth Enrichment broth: increases number of specific bacteria, enhances growth
26
Bacterial colony
Visable mass of bacteria originating from single mother cell
27
Basic nutrient media
Ex: Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) Luria Bertani agar Mueller-Hinton agar
28
Enriched nutrient media
Ex: Blood agar Brain heart infusion agar Chocolate agar Lysed blood agar
29
Selective nutrient media for Gram +
Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)
30
Selective for fungi
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)
31
Selective for gram neg organisms
Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)
32
Types of differential media
Blood agar- hemolysis MacConkey Agar Mannitol Salt Agar CLED agar for urinary bacteriology
33
MacConkey Agar
differential media Selective for gram negative Lactose fermentation- if lactic acid forms plate will show PINK colonies
34
Mannitol Salt Agar
differential media Selects for gram + If mannitol is fermented it will show YELLOW colonies of growth
35
CLED agar
Differential media Tests for urinary bacteria Lactose fermentation shows YELLOW color change
36
Which stain, stains the chitin in the cell wall of fungi?
Lactophenol cotton blue
37
Trytophanase
Enzyme production Ability to convert tryptophane to INDOLE
38
What stain is used to detect viral inclusion bodies?
H & E stain

PID (13 decks)

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