PID BLOCK 1 Flashcards
Define epidemiology
The study and analysis of diseases
Distribution (who when where)
Determinants
Discover
Determine
Identify
Evaluate
Prevention vs Control
Prevention keeps a population free of disease, control reduces disease or new cases
Diagnostic process of Epidemiology
- Anamnesis (history)
- Clinical signs
- Hypothesis
- Treatment and prevention
Analytical vs Descriptive study design
Analytical collects and compares info, Descriptive collects info and records it
Cross sectional
collects data from ONE single point in time
Cohort
Data collected over several different points
Prospective vs Retrospective
Prospective collects info going forward, retrospective collects info from the past
Surveillance
Ongoing data collection
- Collection
- Analysis
- Interpretation
Compartmental model based on infectiousness
Latent period and infectious period
Compartmental model based on clinical signs?
Incubation period and symptomatic period
Define epidemic / epizootic
Excessive occurance in a particular region
Ex: Lyme is more common up north than in the south
Define pandemic/ panzootic
Worldwide spread
Ex: swine flu, covid
Endemic/ enzootic
Disease that is regularly present in a particular region
Ex: diarrhea- cant get rid of it, always going to be around
Causation of Epidemiology
- Strength of association
- Consistency of findings
- Temporal sequence
- Biological plausibility
- Experiment (proves hypothesis)
Strength of association is epidemiology…
higher association between risk factor and outcome
Consistency of findings…
observing the same thing in other populations
Temporal sequence
Exposure proceeds outcome
Biological plausibility
biological mechanism,
Ex: is smoking harmful? what is in it that causes harm?
Five stages of infectious disease
- Incubation
- Prodomal
- Illness
- Decline
- Convalescence
Incubation period
Pathogen multiples without clinical signs
Prodomal
General unspecific signs
Ex: cough, runny nose- you dont know whats causing it
Illness
specific signs and symptoms, comes after prodomal in the 5 stages of infectious disease
Decline
When the pathogen # declines and you start to recover
4th step in the stages of infectious disease
Convalescence
Return to normalcy. The last step to the 5 stages of infectious disease.
Ex: Even after recovering from COVID people still lost taste/smell.
Normalcy is relative
