Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PID > Vaccine and Vaccination > Flashcards

Vaccine and Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

suspension of antigens administered to induce immunity

Derived from microbial pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do vaccines contain?

A
  1. Preservatives and stabilizers- preserves antigens
  2. Specific antibiotics- inhibits bacterial/fungal growth
  3. Adjuvant- inhances immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adjuvant

A

Delays the release of antigen from site of injection

Induces secretion of chemokines and leukocytes

Ex: Aluminum hydroxide, Saponin

Can be Depot, Particulate, or Immunostimulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Depot adjuvant

A

Slow removal of antigen results in prolonged immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Particulate adjuvant

A

Enhanced antigen presentation

Enhanced cytokine production by antigen presenting cells

Enhanced Th cell responses

Results in enhanced cell immunity and antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Immunostimulatory adjuvants

A

Stimulates TLRs

Enhanced cytokine production by APCs

Enhanced Th cell responses

Results in enhanced cell immunity and antibody production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an ideal vaccine?

A
  1. Inexpensive
  2. Consistent in formation
  3. Stable
  4. Proper type of immune response
  5. Range of immunological epitopes
  6. Long lived immunity
  7. Immuno memory
  8. No adverse effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pros of live attenuated vaccines

A
  1. Rapid onset of immunity
  2. immunity after single dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cons of live attenuated vaccines

A
  1. Reversion to virulence
  2. Virulent in the immunocompromised
  3. Less stable in storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Example of recombinant organism vaccine

A
  1. Johnson & Johnson COVID vaccine
  2. Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Recombinant organism vaccine

A

Infectious vaccine

Carrier organisms do not cause disease in vaccinated animals

Adjuvant not req.

Not revert to virulence

Ex j & j vax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

Infectious

Attenuated, intact + viable

Low level infection

Does not induce significant tissue pathology or clinical disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Marker vaccines

A

Infectious

Permits discrimination between vaccine and exposure immune response

AKA DIVA vaccine

Ex: bovine rhinotracheitis with deletion of surface glycoprotein E gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Killed whole organism vaccines

A

Non infectious vaccine

Antigenically intact

Unable to replicate, induce pathology or clinical disease

Chemical killing- formalin, alcohol, alkylating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subunit vaccine

A

Non infectious

uses structural proteins or metabolites of an organism

Ex: purified proteins, synthetic peptides, recombinant proteins/ plasmid used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non infectious vaccines?

A
  1. Killed whole organisms vaccine
  2. Subunit vaccine
  3. Naked DNA vaccine
  4. mRNA
17
Q

Naked DNA vaccine

A

Non infectious

Gene from a pathogen is cloned to a plasmid, delivered directly into the animal

Plasmids transfect APCs for antigen presentation

18
Q

mRNA vaccines

A

Non infectious

mRNA of pathogen is made and delivered directly into recipient

Processed in APC for antigen presentation

Ex: Pfizer COVID vax

19
Q

Vaccination

A

Artificial induction of immunity to protect from infectious diseases

Active or passive

20
Q

Passive vaccination

A
  1. antibodies administered
  2. Particular antigen
  3. Immediate protection
  4. Temporary protection, hypersensitive rxn

Inhibits endogenous Ab response

Ex: Tetanus antitoxin, anti-venoms, mAb to SARS-CoV-2

21
Q

Active vaccination

A

Antigens administered

Immune response induced recipient

Humoral/Cell- mediated responses

Immuno memory

22
Q

Protection levels of active vaccination

A
  1. Strong protective immunity- no infection
  2. Infected but clinically well
  3. Infected with reduced/mild form of disease
  4. Failure- no protection
23
Q

Methods of vaccine delivery

A
  1. Injection
  2. Intranasal
  3. Needle-free
24
Q

Examples of adverse effects

A
  1. Type 1 hypersensitivity- Facial or periorbital edema, pruritus
  2. FISS (Feline Injection Site Sarcoma

PID (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions