Zoonoses- Mosquito And Files

Question 1

What is the general life cycle of mosquito borne disease?

Answer 1

Mosquito acquires through blood meal
Pathogen develops to infectious on mosquito
-> number of days depends on pathogen, mosquito, and temp

Transmitted during feeding

Question 2

Is malaria a true zoonoses ?

Answer 2

No

Anthroponotic

Question 3

What are the mosquito borne arborvitae encephalitides

Answer 3

Equine encephalitis virus (EEEV, WEEV, VEEV)

West Nile virus

Question 4

The equine encephalitis viruses belong to what family?

Answer 4

Togaviridae

Genus alphavirus

Question 5

What is the natural reservoir of WEEV and EEEV?

Answer 5

Birds

Question 6

What is the enzootic and epizootic reservoir of VEEV?

Answer 6

Enzootic: rodent
Epizootic: horse

Question 7

What is the bridge vector for EEEV? Is this required for spillover?

Answer 7

Aedes spp

Yes

Question 8

If you start to see equine cases of EEEV, what should you begin?

Answer 8

Intensive mosquito control

Equine cases often appear 2wks before human cases

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of EEEV in horse?

Answer 9

Fever, lack of appetites, and lethargy

Various degrees of excitability then drowsiness -> paresis and coma

Question 10

What is a risk factor for human EEEV?

Answer 10

Outdoor activities in endemic areas

Question 11

T/F: in human cases of EEEV, 90% of cases will have mild-flu symptoms and the remained will will suffer encephalitis,coma, and death

Answer 11

False

90% asymptomatic

Question 12

Is there a specific treatment for EEEV in humans?

Answer 12

Nope

About 50-90% of survivors will have mild to severe neurological damage

Question 13

Epizootic of WEEV occur on intervals of ?

Answer 13

5-10yrs

Question 14

Are human cases more severe in EEEV or WEEV?

Answer 14

EEEV

More serious in children

Question 15

If you suspect a case of VEEV, in the US what should you do?

Answer 15

Report!

Foreign animal disease

Question 16

T/F: horses are a key reservoir species for VEEV

Answer 16

True

Question 17

VEEV causes what clinical signs in horse?

Answer 17

Febrile or encephalitic disease

->peracute death with no previous clinical signs

Question 18

Is illness usually seen in humans with VEEV

Answer 18

YES almost 100% symptomatic

-febrile illness or neurological symptoms

Question 19

West nile is primarily transmitted by _______ spp mosquito

Answer 19

Culex

Question 20

Who is the reservoir host for West Nile virus

Answer 20

Birds (viremia for 1-4days)

Question 21

Most humans infected with West Nile virus are asymptomatic but about 20% will develop what kind of illness

Answer 21

Mild febrile

Question 22

Horse with ataxia, hypermetira, and weakness that can lead to paresis and death

Answer 22

West Nile virus

Question 23

Can West Nile virus be transmitted from humans and horse to other animals/humans

Answer 23

Nope -dead end hosts

Question 24

What do you call infestation with fly larvae?

Answer 24

Myiases

Question 25

Dermotobia hominis fly uses what vector to transmit its eggs?

Answer 25

Mosquito ``` Also through Contact Ingestion Inhalation Laying on fomites ```

Question 26

Infectious with dermotobia hominis usually develops into what type of lesion?

Answer 26

Papule Tissue inflammation In GI tract can cause vomiting and diarrhea In brain - meningitis/death

Question 27

What fly of sheep can infest humans within the mucous membranes, nose, conjunctiva, and GI

Answer 27

Oestrus ovis

Question 28

Bot fly of domestic cats and dogs? Where is it enzootic

Answer 28

Cuterebra spp Parts of USA and southeast Canada

Question 29

Larvae that lay in live wounds and are sometimes found in dogs and horses imported from central and South America

Answer 29

Screwworm

Question 30

How has screwworm been elongated from USA?

Answer 30

Release of sterile flies | Females only mate once in their life

Question 31

How can screwworm infections be prevented?

Answer 31

``` Use screens or mosquito nets Repellants Protect open wounds Cover food Personal hygiene ```

Question 32

What is eyeworm?

Answer 32

Thelazia (nematode)

Question 33

How do you prevent eye worm?

Answer 33

Fly population management Nets Treat domestic animals Surgical removal

Question 34

Leishmania is what kind of infectious agent?

Answer 34

Protozoa

Question 35

How can one be infected with leishmania

Answer 35

Reservoir in animals -> mosquito vector-> bite

Question 36

In animals, leishmania causes?

Answer 36

Lymphadenopathy | Can be visceral or cutaneous

Question 37

___________________ leishmaniasis causes swelling of the spleen and liver, and fever and weight loss

Answer 37

Visceral

Question 38

Is there a vaccine for leishmania ?

Answer 38

Yes in dog No in human Avoid mosquito bies

Question 39

What is the cause of Chagas' disease

Answer 39

Trypanosoma cruzi | -kinetoplstic protozoa

Question 40

What transmits trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 40

Triatomine bugs: kissing bugs Contact with feces or blood Vertical transmission

Question 41

Typanososma cruzi causes what acute sings in animals?

Answer 41

Fever Diarrhea Neurological /death

Question 42

Long term complications of trypanosoma cruzi infection is?

Answer 42

Fatal cardiomyopathy | Intestinal complication

Question 43

How can Chagas' disease be prevented?

Answer 43

House hygiene Spray insecticide Screen blood donations and organ transplants

Question 44

What causes African sleeping sickness? Who is affected?

Answer 44

Trypanosoma Brucei Cattle and human

Question 45

What is the cause of cat scratch disease??

Answer 45

Bartonella spp.

Question 46

What cats are most likely to be shedding bartonella?

Answer 46

Kittens <1yr old

Question 47

How can bartonella be transmitted?

Answer 47

Scratch | Bite by flea

Question 48

Immunocompetent people usually get fairly mild disease from bartonella with fever and lymphadenopathy. What can occur in immunocompromised people?

Answer 48

Bacillary angiomatosis Chronic fever Endocarditis, hepatitis, and encephalitis

Question 49

How can bartonella infection be prevented?

Answer 49

Avoid rough play with cat Wash hands after cat handling Treat for flea

Question 50

What fungus causes scaling, hairloss, and is usually itchy, occurs in rings.

Answer 50

Dermatophytosis | "Ringworm"

Question 51

Ancylostoma caninum infects humans through the ____________ route causing cutaneous larval migrans

Answer 51

Percutaneous Survives in soil 3-4wks -control in animals