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RUSVM Epidemiology > Zoonoses- Mosquito And Files > Flashcards

Zoonoses- Mosquito And Files Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general life cycle of mosquito borne disease?

A

Mosquito acquires through blood meal
Pathogen develops to infectious on mosquito
-> number of days depends on pathogen, mosquito, and temp

Transmitted during feeding

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2
Q

Is malaria a true zoonoses ?

A

No

Anthroponotic

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3
Q

What are the mosquito borne arborvitae encephalitides

A

Equine encephalitis virus (EEEV, WEEV, VEEV)

West Nile virus

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4
Q

The equine encephalitis viruses belong to what family?

A

Togaviridae

Genus alphavirus

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5
Q

What is the natural reservoir of WEEV and EEEV?

A

Birds

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6
Q

What is the enzootic and epizootic reservoir of VEEV?

A

Enzootic: rodent
Epizootic: horse

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7
Q

What is the bridge vector for EEEV? Is this required for spillover?

A

Aedes spp

Yes

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8
Q

If you start to see equine cases of EEEV, what should you begin?

A

Intensive mosquito control

Equine cases often appear 2wks before human cases

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of EEEV in horse?

A

Fever, lack of appetites, and lethargy

Various degrees of excitability then drowsiness -> paresis and coma

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10
Q

What is a risk factor for human EEEV?

A

Outdoor activities in endemic areas

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11
Q

T/F: in human cases of EEEV, 90% of cases will have mild-flu symptoms and the remained will will suffer encephalitis,coma, and death

A

False

90% asymptomatic

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12
Q

Is there a specific treatment for EEEV in humans?

A

Nope

About 50-90% of survivors will have mild to severe neurological damage

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13
Q

Epizootic of WEEV occur on intervals of ?

A

5-10yrs

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14
Q

Are human cases more severe in EEEV or WEEV?

A

EEEV

More serious in children

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15
Q

If you suspect a case of VEEV, in the US what should you do?

A

Report!

Foreign animal disease

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16
Q

T/F: horses are a key reservoir species for VEEV

A

True

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17
Q

VEEV causes what clinical signs in horse?

A

Febrile or encephalitic disease

->peracute death with no previous clinical signs

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18
Q

Is illness usually seen in humans with VEEV

A

YES almost 100% symptomatic

-febrile illness or neurological symptoms

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19
Q

West nile is primarily transmitted by _______ spp mosquito

A

Culex

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20
Q

Who is the reservoir host for West Nile virus

A

Birds (viremia for 1-4days)

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21
Q

Most humans infected with West Nile virus are asymptomatic but about 20% will develop what kind of illness

A

Mild febrile

22
Q

Horse with ataxia, hypermetira, and weakness that can lead to paresis and death

A

West Nile virus

23
Q

Can West Nile virus be transmitted from humans and horse to other animals/humans

A

Nope -dead end hosts

24
Q

What do you call infestation with fly larvae?

A

Myiases

25
Q

Dermotobia hominis fly uses what vector to transmit its eggs?

A

Mosquito

Also through 
Contact
Ingestion
Inhalation
Laying on fomites
26
Q

Infectious with dermotobia hominis usually develops into what type of lesion?

A

Papule
Tissue inflammation

In GI tract can cause vomiting and diarrhea
In brain - meningitis/death

27
Q

What fly of sheep can infest humans within the mucous membranes, nose, conjunctiva, and GI

A

Oestrus ovis

28
Q

Bot fly of domestic cats and dogs? Where is it enzootic

A

Cuterebra spp

Parts of USA and southeast Canada

29
Q

Larvae that lay in live wounds and are sometimes found in dogs and horses imported from central and South America

A

Screwworm

30
Q

How has screwworm been elongated from USA?

A

Release of sterile flies

Females only mate once in their life

31
Q

How can screwworm infections be prevented?

A 
Use screens or mosquito nets 
Repellants 
Protect open wounds 
Cover food
Personal hygiene
32
Q

What is eyeworm?

A

Thelazia (nematode)

33
Q

How do you prevent eye worm?

A

Fly population management
Nets
Treat domestic animals

Surgical removal

34
Q

Leishmania is what kind of infectious agent?

A

Protozoa

35
Q

How can one be infected with leishmania

A

Reservoir in animals -> mosquito vector-> bite

36
Q

In animals, leishmania causes?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Can be visceral or cutaneous

37
Q

___________________ leishmaniasis causes swelling of the spleen and liver, and fever and weight loss

A

Visceral

38
Q

Is there a vaccine for leishmania ?

A

Yes in dog
No in human

Avoid mosquito bies

39
Q

What is the cause of Chagas’ disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

-kinetoplstic protozoa

40
Q

What transmits trypanosoma cruzi

A

Triatomine bugs: kissing bugs

Contact with feces or blood
Vertical transmission

41
Q

Typanososma cruzi causes what acute sings in animals?

A

Fever
Diarrhea
Neurological /death

42
Q

Long term complications of trypanosoma cruzi infection is?

A

Fatal cardiomyopathy

Intestinal complication

43
Q

How can Chagas’ disease be prevented?

A

House hygiene
Spray insecticide

Screen blood donations and organ transplants

44
Q

What causes African sleeping sickness? Who is affected?

A

Trypanosoma Brucei

Cattle and human

45
Q

What is the cause of cat scratch disease??

A

Bartonella spp.

46
Q

What cats are most likely to be shedding bartonella?

A

Kittens <1yr old

47
Q

How can bartonella be transmitted?

A

Scratch

Bite by flea

48
Q

Immunocompetent people usually get fairly mild disease from bartonella with fever and lymphadenopathy. What can occur in immunocompromised people?

A

Bacillary angiomatosis
Chronic fever
Endocarditis, hepatitis, and encephalitis

49
Q

How can bartonella infection be prevented?

A

Avoid rough play with cat
Wash hands after cat handling
Treat for flea

50
Q

What fungus causes scaling, hairloss, and is usually itchy, occurs in rings.

A

Dermatophytosis

“Ringworm”

51
Q

Ancylostoma caninum infects humans through the ____________ route causing cutaneous larval migrans

A

Percutaneous

Survives in soil 3-4wks
-control in animals

RUSVM Epidemiology (14 decks)

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