Zoonoses- Mosquito And Files Flashcards
What is the general life cycle of mosquito borne disease?
Mosquito acquires through blood meal
Pathogen develops to infectious on mosquito
-> number of days depends on pathogen, mosquito, and temp
Transmitted during feeding
Is malaria a true zoonoses ?
No
Anthroponotic
What are the mosquito borne arborvitae encephalitides
Equine encephalitis virus (EEEV, WEEV, VEEV)
West Nile virus
The equine encephalitis viruses belong to what family?
Togaviridae
Genus alphavirus
What is the natural reservoir of WEEV and EEEV?
Birds
What is the enzootic and epizootic reservoir of VEEV?
Enzootic: rodent
Epizootic: horse
What is the bridge vector for EEEV? Is this required for spillover?
Aedes spp
Yes
If you start to see equine cases of EEEV, what should you begin?
Intensive mosquito control
Equine cases often appear 2wks before human cases
What are the clinical signs of EEEV in horse?
Fever, lack of appetites, and lethargy
Various degrees of excitability then drowsiness -> paresis and coma
What is a risk factor for human EEEV?
Outdoor activities in endemic areas
T/F: in human cases of EEEV, 90% of cases will have mild-flu symptoms and the remained will will suffer encephalitis,coma, and death
False
90% asymptomatic
Is there a specific treatment for EEEV in humans?
Nope
About 50-90% of survivors will have mild to severe neurological damage
Epizootic of WEEV occur on intervals of ?
5-10yrs
Are human cases more severe in EEEV or WEEV?
EEEV
More serious in children
If you suspect a case of VEEV, in the US what should you do?
Report!
Foreign animal disease
T/F: horses are a key reservoir species for VEEV
True
VEEV causes what clinical signs in horse?
Febrile or encephalitic disease
->peracute death with no previous clinical signs
Is illness usually seen in humans with VEEV
YES almost 100% symptomatic
-febrile illness or neurological symptoms
West nile is primarily transmitted by _______ spp mosquito
Culex
Who is the reservoir host for West Nile virus
Birds (viremia for 1-4days)
Most humans infected with West Nile virus are asymptomatic but about 20% will develop what kind of illness
Mild febrile
Horse with ataxia, hypermetira, and weakness that can lead to paresis and death
West Nile virus
Can West Nile virus be transmitted from humans and horse to other animals/humans
Nope -dead end hosts
What do you call infestation with fly larvae?
Myiases
Dermotobia hominis fly uses what vector to transmit its eggs?
Mosquito
Also through Contact Ingestion Inhalation Laying on fomites
Infectious with dermotobia hominis usually develops into what type of lesion?
Papule
Tissue inflammation
In GI tract can cause vomiting and diarrhea
In brain - meningitis/death
What fly of sheep can infest humans within the mucous membranes, nose, conjunctiva, and GI
Oestrus ovis
Bot fly of domestic cats and dogs? Where is it enzootic
Cuterebra spp
Parts of USA and southeast Canada
Larvae that lay in live wounds and are sometimes found in dogs and horses imported from central and South America
Screwworm
How has screwworm been elongated from USA?
Release of sterile flies
Females only mate once in their life
How can screwworm infections be prevented?
Use screens or mosquito nets Repellants Protect open wounds Cover food Personal hygiene
What is eyeworm?
Thelazia (nematode)
How do you prevent eye worm?
Fly population management
Nets
Treat domestic animals
Surgical removal
Leishmania is what kind of infectious agent?
Protozoa
How can one be infected with leishmania
Reservoir in animals -> mosquito vector-> bite
In animals, leishmania causes?
Lymphadenopathy
Can be visceral or cutaneous
___________________ leishmaniasis causes swelling of the spleen and liver, and fever and weight loss
Visceral
Is there a vaccine for leishmania ?
Yes in dog
No in human
Avoid mosquito bies
What is the cause of Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
-kinetoplstic protozoa
What transmits trypanosoma cruzi
Triatomine bugs: kissing bugs
Contact with feces or blood
Vertical transmission
Typanososma cruzi causes what acute sings in animals?
Fever
Diarrhea
Neurological /death
Long term complications of trypanosoma cruzi infection is?
Fatal cardiomyopathy
Intestinal complication
How can Chagas’ disease be prevented?
House hygiene
Spray insecticide
Screen blood donations and organ transplants
What causes African sleeping sickness? Who is affected?
Trypanosoma Brucei
Cattle and human
What is the cause of cat scratch disease??
Bartonella spp.
What cats are most likely to be shedding bartonella?
Kittens <1yr old
How can bartonella be transmitted?
Scratch
Bite by flea
Immunocompetent people usually get fairly mild disease from bartonella with fever and lymphadenopathy. What can occur in immunocompromised people?
Bacillary angiomatosis
Chronic fever
Endocarditis, hepatitis, and encephalitis
How can bartonella infection be prevented?
Avoid rough play with cat
Wash hands after cat handling
Treat for flea
What fungus causes scaling, hairloss, and is usually itchy, occurs in rings.
Dermatophytosis
“Ringworm”
Ancylostoma caninum infects humans through the ____________ route causing cutaneous larval migrans
Percutaneous
Survives in soil 3-4wks
-control in animals
