Zoonoeses- Respiratory And Dog Bites Flashcards
What are category A agents that are at risk of use as a bio weapon due to their aerosol transmission ?
Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
How is bacillus anthracis transmitted from animals to humans?
Aerosol
Direct contact
(Animal products or soil)
What is the cutaneous manifestation of bacillus anthracis?
Blister/ulcer with black center
What is the most deadly form of bacillus anthracis?
Inhalation
- > respiratory symptoms
- > septicemia/death
In an animal if you have acute high fever, muscle tremors, and difficulty breathing. On death you see unclothed blood from the nasal cavity, what do you suspect?
Bacillus anthracis
How can bacillus anthracis be prevented?
Individual hygiene
Carcass management
No consumption of animals with sudden death
What re the reservoir of Fracisella tularesnis?
Type A: North America - lagomorph
Type B: Eurasia - hare/rodent
Type B: N.A. - beaver/muskrats
Cat with fever, lethargy, anorexia,
Abscess
Lymphadenopathy
Septic shock
Francisella tularensis
How is francisella tularensis transmitted?
Arthropod vector
Consumption
Contact
Respiratory (aerosol)
In human... fever Ulceroglandular on skin Inflammation of eyes Sore throat Pneumonia
Fracicella tularensis
How can tularemia be prevented?
Vaccination of exposed people
Educate hunters/workers
Individual protection
What is the mode of transmission of plague?
Contact of contaminated fluid
Bite
What are the three forms of plague?
Bubonic
Pneumonic
Septicemic
What is the most serious form of the plauge?
Pneumonic
->fever headache, chest pain/cough
How can yersinia pestis be prevented?
Reduce rodent population/habitat
Manage carcasses
Treat against fleas
Limit movement of infected animals
Individual protection
What is the cause of zoonotic influenza?
Type A influenza virus
Family: orthomyoviridae
What are the surface glycoproteins of typeA influenza?
Hemaglutinin
Neuraminidase
T/F: Type A influenza has 8 RNA segments that allows for antigenic shift and antigenic drift
True
How is influenza transmitted?
Fecal-oral, saliva and nasal secretions
Inhalation
What signs/symptoms does influenza cause in humans?
Fever Myalgia Headache Malaise Sore throat Cough
What are the two strains of avian influenza? What is their main impact?
low pathogenic strain: loss production
High pathogenic strain: high mortality
What disease of pigs results in fever, coughing, nasal discharge, and reproductive problems. High morbidity but low mortality ?
Swine influenza
How is influenza controlled/prevented?
Report positive cases
PPE
Test and isolate sick animals
Cull infected flock
Educate owners
Seasonal vaccine of groups at risk
Vaccinate livestock and poultry
Hantavirus is in the family _________
Bunyaviridae
How is hantavirus transmitted?
Inhalation
Contact
Bite
(From rodent feces/urine)
Hantavirus causes what condition in humans?
Hanatavirus pulmonary syndrome
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
What disease is carried by birds and can cause mild flu-like symptoms in humans but can be as severe and fever and pnemopathy
Chlamydia psittaci
How is chamydiosis diagonised?
Any sick bird with lethargy and non-specific signs if stressed
How is chlamydiosis prevented?
Educate bird owners
Biosafety when handling infected birds
Mass treatment of imported parakeets
What are the 4 pulmonary fungal infections?
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Cryptococcus
What pulmonary fungal infect has spores in the environment that become aerosolized and inhaled
Blastomyces
Coccidioides
What fungal infection is excreted from birds/bats?
Histoplasma
Crytococcus
What fungus if found in southern US and Mexico with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to disseminated
Coccidioides
What fungus if found in eastern states, Central America, and parts of South America in soil, bird and bat feces
Histoplasma
What fungus is found in North America in soil and is associated with bird and bat feces.
Blastomyces
Minimize dust-generating activities in endemic areas
> 60% of dog bite victims are ?
Children less than 12yrs old
Males>female
T/F: a significant proportion of bites are from family pets
True
What bacterial infections are associated with dog bites?
Pasterurella spp
Strep, staph, moraxella, corynebacterium, neisseria
T/F: bites from large dogs are usually more severe and more likely to cause medical visits
True
What age and reproductive status are usually more responsible for dog bites?
Unneutered males
Dogs <1yr
What are the AVMAs reasons why breed bans doesn’t work for dog bites?
Hereditary isn’t the only cause of biting behavior
No reliable denominator for #of dogs of each breed
No correction of data for repeat biters
Unreliable reporting by owners
Change if breed popularity of breeds over time
How can dog bites be prevented in owners?
Learn about suitable breeds of dogs for your household
Spay/neuter
Properly socialize and train dogs
What are the best ways to prevent dog bites in children
Don't approach unfamiliar dog Don't run and scream from a dog Supervised play by adult Report stray/aggressive dog Avoid direct eye contact Do not disturb sleeping/eating dogs Do not take object from dogs Allow dog to sniff you first
T/F: the majority of cat bites are inflected by “known” cats
True
What type of wounds are most common from cat bites
Deep puncture wounds
INFECTIONS
What bacteria are common in cat bites?
Pastureland multocida
Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections
What are factors that make vets more at risk for animal bites
New vets
Working more than 60hrs/week
Sleeping less than 6hrs a night
No sharps containers
