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RUSVM Epidemiology > Zoonoeses- Respiratory And Dog Bites > Flashcards

Zoonoeses- Respiratory And Dog Bites Flashcards

1
Q

What are category A agents that are at risk of use as a bio weapon due to their aerosol transmission ?

A

Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis

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2
Q

How is bacillus anthracis transmitted from animals to humans?

A

Aerosol
Direct contact

(Animal products or soil)

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3
Q

What is the cutaneous manifestation of bacillus anthracis?

A

Blister/ulcer with black center

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4
Q

What is the most deadly form of bacillus anthracis?

A

Inhalation

  • > respiratory symptoms
  • > septicemia/death
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5
Q

In an animal if you have acute high fever, muscle tremors, and difficulty breathing. On death you see unclothed blood from the nasal cavity, what do you suspect?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

How can bacillus anthracis be prevented?

A

Individual hygiene
Carcass management
No consumption of animals with sudden death

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7
Q

What re the reservoir of Fracisella tularesnis?

A

Type A: North America - lagomorph

Type B: Eurasia - hare/rodent
Type B: N.A. - beaver/muskrats

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8
Q

Cat with fever, lethargy, anorexia,
Abscess
Lymphadenopathy
Septic shock

A

Francisella tularensis

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9
Q

How is francisella tularensis transmitted?

A

Arthropod vector
Consumption
Contact
Respiratory (aerosol)

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10
Q 
In human... 
fever
Ulceroglandular on skin
Inflammation of eyes
Sore throat
Pneumonia
A

Fracicella tularensis

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11
Q

How can tularemia be prevented?

A

Vaccination of exposed people
Educate hunters/workers
Individual protection

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12
Q

What is the mode of transmission of plague?

A

Contact of contaminated fluid

Bite

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13
Q

What are the three forms of plague?

A

Bubonic
Pneumonic
Septicemic

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14
Q

What is the most serious form of the plauge?

A

Pneumonic

->fever headache, chest pain/cough

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15
Q

How can yersinia pestis be prevented?

A

Reduce rodent population/habitat
Manage carcasses
Treat against fleas

Limit movement of infected animals
Individual protection

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16
Q

What is the cause of zoonotic influenza?

A

Type A influenza virus

Family: orthomyoviridae

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17
Q

What are the surface glycoproteins of typeA influenza?

A

Hemaglutinin

Neuraminidase

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18
Q

T/F: Type A influenza has 8 RNA segments that allows for antigenic shift and antigenic drift

A

True

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19
Q

How is influenza transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral, saliva and nasal secretions

Inhalation

20
Q

What signs/symptoms does influenza cause in humans?

A 
Fever 
Myalgia
Headache
Malaise 
Sore throat
Cough
21
Q

What are the two strains of avian influenza? What is their main impact?

A

low pathogenic strain: loss production

High pathogenic strain: high mortality

22
Q

What disease of pigs results in fever, coughing, nasal discharge, and reproductive problems. High morbidity but low mortality ?

A

Swine influenza

23
Q

How is influenza controlled/prevented?

A

Report positive cases

PPE

Test and isolate sick animals
Cull infected flock

Educate owners

Seasonal vaccine of groups at risk
Vaccinate livestock and poultry

24
Q

Hantavirus is in the family _________

A

Bunyaviridae

25
Q

How is hantavirus transmitted?

A

Inhalation
Contact
Bite

(From rodent feces/urine)

26
Q

Hantavirus causes what condition in humans?

A

Hanatavirus pulmonary syndrome

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

27
Q

What disease is carried by birds and can cause mild flu-like symptoms in humans but can be as severe and fever and pnemopathy

A

Chlamydia psittaci

28
Q

How is chamydiosis diagonised?

A

Any sick bird with lethargy and non-specific signs if stressed

29
Q

How is chlamydiosis prevented?

A

Educate bird owners
Biosafety when handling infected birds
Mass treatment of imported parakeets

30
Q

What are the 4 pulmonary fungal infections?

A

Blastomyces
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Cryptococcus

31
Q

What pulmonary fungal infect has spores in the environment that become aerosolized and inhaled

A

Blastomyces

Coccidioides

32
Q

What fungal infection is excreted from birds/bats?

A

Histoplasma

Crytococcus

33
Q

What fungus if found in southern US and Mexico with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to disseminated

A

Coccidioides

34
Q

What fungus if found in eastern states, Central America, and parts of South America in soil, bird and bat feces

A

Histoplasma

35
Q

What fungus is found in North America in soil and is associated with bird and bat feces.

A

Blastomyces

Minimize dust-generating activities in endemic areas

36
Q

> 60% of dog bite victims are ?

A

Children less than 12yrs old

Males>female

37
Q

T/F: a significant proportion of bites are from family pets

A

True

38
Q

What bacterial infections are associated with dog bites?

A

Pasterurella spp

Strep, staph, moraxella, corynebacterium, neisseria

39
Q

T/F: bites from large dogs are usually more severe and more likely to cause medical visits

A

True

40
Q

What age and reproductive status are usually more responsible for dog bites?

A

Unneutered males

Dogs <1yr

41
Q

What are the AVMAs reasons why breed bans doesn’t work for dog bites?

A

Hereditary isn’t the only cause of biting behavior
No reliable denominator for #of dogs of each breed
No correction of data for repeat biters
Unreliable reporting by owners
Change if breed popularity of breeds over time

42
Q

How can dog bites be prevented in owners?

A

Learn about suitable breeds of dogs for your household
Spay/neuter
Properly socialize and train dogs

43
Q

What are the best ways to prevent dog bites in children

A 
Don't approach unfamiliar dog
Don't run and scream from a dog 
Supervised play by adult 
Report stray/aggressive dog
Avoid direct eye contact 
Do not disturb sleeping/eating dogs
Do not take object from dogs 
Allow dog to sniff you first
44
Q

T/F: the majority of cat bites are inflected by “known” cats

A

True

45
Q

What type of wounds are most common from cat bites

A

Deep puncture wounds

INFECTIONS

46
Q

What bacteria are common in cat bites?

A

Pastureland multocida

Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections

47
Q

What are factors that make vets more at risk for animal bites

A

New vets

Working more than 60hrs/week

Sleeping less than 6hrs a night

No sharps containers

RUSVM Epidemiology (14 decks)

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