Zoonoeses- Respiratory And Dog Bites

Question 1

What are category A agents that are at risk of use as a bio weapon due to their aerosol transmission ?

Answer 1

Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis

Question 2

How is bacillus anthracis transmitted from animals to humans?

Answer 2

Aerosol
Direct contact

(Animal products or soil)

Question 3

What is the cutaneous manifestation of bacillus anthracis?

Answer 3

Blister/ulcer with black center

Question 4

What is the most deadly form of bacillus anthracis?

Answer 4

Inhalation

• > respiratory symptoms
• > septicemia/death

Question 5

In an animal if you have acute high fever, muscle tremors, and difficulty breathing. On death you see unclothed blood from the nasal cavity, what do you suspect?

Answer 5

Bacillus anthracis

Question 6

How can bacillus anthracis be prevented?

Answer 6

Individual hygiene
Carcass management
No consumption of animals with sudden death

Question 7

What re the reservoir of Fracisella tularesnis?

Answer 7

Type A: North America - lagomorph

Type B: Eurasia - hare/rodent
Type B: N.A. - beaver/muskrats

Question 8

Cat with fever, lethargy, anorexia,
Abscess
Lymphadenopathy
Septic shock

Answer 8

Francisella tularensis

Question 9

How is francisella tularensis transmitted?

Answer 9

Arthropod vector
Consumption
Contact
Respiratory (aerosol)

Question 10

In human... 
fever
Ulceroglandular on skin
Inflammation of eyes
Sore throat
Pneumonia

Answer 10

Fracicella tularensis

Question 11

How can tularemia be prevented?

Answer 11

Vaccination of exposed people
Educate hunters/workers
Individual protection

Question 12

What is the mode of transmission of plague?

Answer 12

Contact of contaminated fluid

Bite

Question 13

What are the three forms of plague?

Answer 13

Bubonic
Pneumonic
Septicemic

Question 14

What is the most serious form of the plauge?

Answer 14

Pneumonic

->fever headache, chest pain/cough

Question 15

How can yersinia pestis be prevented?

Answer 15

Reduce rodent population/habitat
Manage carcasses
Treat against fleas

Limit movement of infected animals
Individual protection

Question 16

What is the cause of zoonotic influenza?

Answer 16

Type A influenza virus

Family: orthomyoviridae

Question 17

What are the surface glycoproteins of typeA influenza?

Answer 17

Hemaglutinin

Neuraminidase

Question 18

T/F: Type A influenza has 8 RNA segments that allows for antigenic shift and antigenic drift

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How is influenza transmitted?

Answer 19

Fecal-oral, saliva and nasal secretions

Inhalation

Question 20

What signs/symptoms does influenza cause in humans?

Answer 20

Fever 
Myalgia
Headache
Malaise 
Sore throat
Cough

Question 21

What are the two strains of avian influenza? What is their main impact?

Answer 21

low pathogenic strain: loss production

High pathogenic strain: high mortality

Question 22

What disease of pigs results in fever, coughing, nasal discharge, and reproductive problems. High morbidity but low mortality ?

Answer 22

Swine influenza

Question 23

How is influenza controlled/prevented?

Answer 23

Report positive cases

PPE

Test and isolate sick animals
Cull infected flock

Educate owners

Seasonal vaccine of groups at risk
Vaccinate livestock and poultry

Question 24

Hantavirus is in the family _________

Answer 24

Bunyaviridae

Question 25

How is hantavirus transmitted?

Answer 25

Inhalation Contact Bite (From rodent feces/urine)

Question 26

Hantavirus causes what condition in humans?

Answer 26

Hanatavirus pulmonary syndrome Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Question 27

What disease is carried by birds and can cause mild flu-like symptoms in humans but can be as severe and fever and pnemopathy

Answer 27

Chlamydia psittaci

Question 28

How is chamydiosis diagonised?

Answer 28

Any sick bird with lethargy and non-specific signs if stressed

Question 29

How is chlamydiosis prevented?

Answer 29

Educate bird owners Biosafety when handling infected birds Mass treatment of imported parakeets

Question 30

What are the 4 pulmonary fungal infections?

Answer 30

Blastomyces Coccidioides Histoplasma Cryptococcus

Question 31

What pulmonary fungal infect has spores in the environment that become aerosolized and inhaled

Answer 31

Blastomyces | Coccidioides

Question 32

What fungal infection is excreted from birds/bats?

Answer 32

Histoplasma | Crytococcus

Question 33

What fungus if found in southern US and Mexico with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to disseminated

Answer 33

Coccidioides

Question 34

What fungus if found in eastern states, Central America, and parts of South America in soil, bird and bat feces

Answer 34

Histoplasma

Question 35

What fungus is found in North America in soil and is associated with bird and bat feces.

Answer 35

Blastomyces Minimize dust-generating activities in endemic areas

Question 36

>60% of dog bite victims are ?

Answer 36

Children less than 12yrs old | Males>female

Question 37

T/F: a significant proportion of bites are from family pets

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What bacterial infections are associated with dog bites?

Answer 38

Pasterurella spp Strep, staph, moraxella, corynebacterium, neisseria

Question 39

T/F: bites from large dogs are usually more severe and more likely to cause medical visits

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What age and reproductive status are usually more responsible for dog bites?

Answer 40

Unneutered males | Dogs <1yr

Question 41

What are the AVMAs reasons why breed bans doesn't work for dog bites?

Answer 41

Hereditary isn't the only cause of biting behavior No reliable denominator for #of dogs of each breed No correction of data for repeat biters Unreliable reporting by owners Change if breed popularity of breeds over time

Question 42

How can dog bites be prevented in owners?

Answer 42

Learn about suitable breeds of dogs for your household Spay/neuter Properly socialize and train dogs

Question 43

What are the best ways to prevent dog bites in children

Answer 43

``` Don't approach unfamiliar dog Don't run and scream from a dog Supervised play by adult Report stray/aggressive dog Avoid direct eye contact Do not disturb sleeping/eating dogs Do not take object from dogs Allow dog to sniff you first ```

Question 44

T/F: the majority of cat bites are inflected by "known" cats

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What type of wounds are most common from cat bites

Answer 45

Deep puncture wounds INFECTIONS

Question 46

What bacteria are common in cat bites?

Answer 46

Pastureland multocida Mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections

Question 47

What are factors that make vets more at risk for animal bites

Answer 47

New vets Working more than 60hrs/week Sleeping less than 6hrs a night No sharps containers