Zoonoses Flashcards
80% ofcampylobacterfood poisoning in theUKcome from ?
contaminated poultry, especially chicken
apart from raw chicken how else can one get campylobacter infection?
red meat, unpasteurised milk and untreated water.
presentation, investigation and management of Campylobacter infection?
• Clinical Presentation ○ Diarrhoea ○ Bloating ○ Cramps • Investigations ○ Stool culture • Management ○ Supportive
reservoir for salmonella?
○ Poultry
○ Reptiles/amphibians
there are 200 strains of salmonella and only 2 are human pathogens, the rest are zoonoses. which are the 2?
Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, which are adapted to humans and do not occur in other animals.
clinical presentation of a patient with patient with salmonella?
• Clinical Presentation
○ Diarrhoea
○ Vomiting
○ Fever
IVX and management of a patient with salmonella?
• Investigations ○ Stool culture • Management ○ SUPPORTIVE - self resolving ○ Ciprofloxacin Azithromycin
reservoir for Bartonella henselae ?
kittens/cats - mouths
Bartonella henselae causes which 2 diseases?
Cat Scratch Disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
what is the clinical presentation of cat scratch disease?
Macule at site of innoculation
Becomes pustular
Regional adenopathy
Systemic symptoms
ivx and management of cat scratch disease?
Investigations
Serology
Management
Erythromycin
Doxycycline
what is the clinical presentation of Bacillary angiomatosis?
Occurs in immunocompromised
Skin papules – distal to site of bite
Disseminated multi-organ and vasculature involvement
ivx and management of Bacillary angiomatosis?
Investigations:
Histopathology!!* -liver/spleen
Serology
Management:
Erythromycin
Doxycycline
PLUS rifampicin
Reservoir for toxoplasmosis?
route of transmission?
Cats
Sheep
Transmission:
Infected meat**
Faecal contamination*
what is the clinical presentation of toxoplasmosis?
Immunosuppressed:
Fever Adenopathy Still-birth Progressive visual, hearing, motor, & cognitive issues Seizures Neuropathies
ivx and management of salmonella?
Investigations
Serology
Management
Spiramycin
Pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine
typhoid fever is caused by?
Salmonella Typhi, Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, and Paratyphi C
Reservoir for Brucellosis?
route of transmission?
Cattle
Goats
Transmission: Unpasteurised milk Undercooked meat Mucosal splash Aerosolisation/inhalation
what is the clinical presentation of brucellosis?
Fever
Back pain
Orchitis
Focal abscesses (Psoas, liver etc)
ivx and management of Brucellosis?
Investigations
1st line - Blood/pus culture
Serology - takes a while to get back
Management
Doxycycline PLUS
Gentamicin OR
Rifampicin
which zoonotic disease has an Incubation period- usually 30 days but can be up to 5 months
coxiella burnetti
many are subclinical infections
what is the clinical presentation of Coxiella burnetti?
Fever ‘Flu-like illness Pneumonia Hepatitis Endocarditis Focal abscesses (Para-vertebral/discitis etc)
ivx and management of coxiella?
Investigations
Serology
Management
Doxycycline
(hydroxychloroquine
Reservoir for Rabies?
Reservoir
Dogs
Cats
Bats
Rabies is what type of virus?
Lyssa
not lassa!
Viruses in which family have a high fatality rate often near 100%
Rhabdoviruses
e.g. rabies
patient presents with Seizures Excessive salivation Agitation Confusion Fever Headache
this is what? how to investigate?
Rabies
Ivx:
Serology
Brain biopsy
USA saliva PCR
Management of rabies?
Management:
Last stage = fatal
Immunoglobulin - HRIG only given if direct exposure to saliva
Vaccine
Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus
are responsible for which condition?
rat bite fever
patient is bitten by a rat and develops the following:
Fevers
Polyarthralgia
Maculopapular progressing to purpuric rash
Can progress to endocarditis
most likely diagnosis? Ivx?
rat bite fever
Investigations:
Joint fluid microscopy & culture
Blood culture
how long after rat bite may one develop rat bite fever?
2-10 days
management of rat bite fever?
Management:
Penicillins
the following viruses cause which condition?
Deer mouse; Sin Nombre virus
White footed mouse; Sin Nombre virus
Cotton rat; Black canal virus
Rice rat; Bayou virus
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
where is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome popular?
Western & southern USA and most of central & South America
homeless patient living in sewers in southern USA presents with:
Fever
Myalgia
‘Flulike illness
Respiratory failure
Bleeding
Renal failure
he is exposed to mice and rats
which condition? Ivx?
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
ivx:
Serology
PCR
supportive management
The following viruses cause which condition:
Lassa,
Marburg,
Ebola,
Congo-Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever
patient coming from Africa camping trip in safari presents with:
Fever !!
Myalgia
‘Flulike illness
Bleeding – from all orifices
diagnosis? ivx? management?
Viral Haemorrhagic Fever
ivx:
Serology
PCR
Mx:
supportive
3 important tests in patients with zoonoses?
Culture, serology, PCR
why would a suspect case of Viral Haemorrhagic Fever
be isolated?
transmission is via Contact with fluids of infected
