healthcare acquired infection

Question 1

name an organism responsible for Antibiotic associated diarrhoea?

Answer 1

c diff

Question 2

name an organism responsible for Urinary catheter assocd UTI?

Answer 2

E. coli
MRSA
Candida

Question 3

name an organism responsible for surgical site infection

Answer 3

MRSA
MSSA
Gram Negs

Question 4

name an organism responsible for ventilator associated infections?

Answer 4

E.coli

Gram negs

Question 5

list these specialties in order of healthcare associated infections:

Mixed specialties
Geriatrics
Medicine
Intensive care
Surgery

Answer 5

Intensive care
Surgery
Geriatrics
Medicine
Mixed specialties

Question 6

what is the prevalence of HAI ini the uk?

Answer 6

8%

Question 7

put these in order of the most common HAIs - 2010 figures?

UTI
GI
LRTI/Pneumonia
surgical site infection
Bloodstream

Answer 7

LRTI/Pneumonia
surgical site infection
UTI
Bloodstream 
GI

Question 8

in the Hospital microbiome project which bacteria were present in majority during construction?

Answer 8

Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas

Question 9

in the Hospital microbiome project the bacteria present in majority during construction were replaced by which human bacteria after opening?

Answer 9

Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Question 10

c diff is what type of organism?

Answer 10

Gram positive spore forming anaerobe

transmitted : spores - not a problem until abx

Question 11

what about C diff causes diarrhoea AND Colitis ?

Answer 11

toxins A and B

Question 12

what is the range/ spectrum upon which c diff can impact patients?

Answer 12

Mild diarrhoea to

Severe pseudomembranous colitis, involving:

• dehydration
• perforation

Question 13

risk factors for diff infection?

Answer 13

older
debilitated
antibiotic-treated

Question 14

Name some drugs for c diff treatment?

Answer 14

1. Vancomycin PO, QDS, 10 days

Or Fidaxomicin

Question 15

name some drugs for toxin targets in c diff?

Answer 15

Bezlotoxumab - for the toxin

Question 16

name some non-drug treatment in c. diff?

Answer 16

Faecal transfer - nasogastric - into duodenum

Question 17

MRSA bacteraemia and C. difficile associated diarrhoea accounts for how much HAI?

Answer 17

15%

Question 18

which organisms become more important in HAI UTI whereas they were less in community?

Answer 18

Klebsiella

Proteus

Pseudomonas

obvi e.coli is still king

Question 19

catheters are a common cause of what?

Answer 19

asymptomatic bacteruria - elderly

uti’s

Question 20

how to treat a catheter uti?

Answer 20

don’t

treat sepsis only

Question 21

Chromosomal and Plasmid-mediated Resistance mechanisms are adopted by?

Answer 21

gram negs:

e.coli, klebs etc

Question 22

What are Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases?

Answer 22

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes that confer resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins

Question 23

How is MRSA acquired?

Answer 23

Skin breech

Question 24

how to reduce risk of acquiring MRSA?

Answer 24

Screening

Skin preparation prior to invasive procedures

Skin decontamination; clipping of hair

During hospital stay, effective hand hygiene when in contact with patient and patient zone

Appropriate surgical prophylaxis

Question 25

4 Key strategies for infection control?

Answer 25

Surveillance and audit

Data management

Feedback and altering practice

Preventing Transmission

Question 26

the following can bee acquired form where:

a. Legionella
b. Aspergillus

Answer 26

Legionella- cooling towers

Aspergillus- building works

Question 27

which infections can be acquired through Negative pressure isolation?

Answer 27

TB, Chickenpox, RSV

Question 28

Progress has been made on reducing which HAIs?

Answer 28

C.difficile and MRSA BSI