Global health priorities and brain worms Flashcards
according to the 2016 WHO list, what the the top 10 most common causes of mortality in the world?
- IHD
- Stroke
- COPD
- LRTI
- Alzheimers + dementia
- Respiratory cancers
- Diabetes
- Road injury
- Diarrhoea
- TB
what is a DALY?
measures morbidity and mortality caused by a condition as 1 metric
rank the following in terms of DALY score. 1 being highest and 5 being lowest:
LRI IHD NN preterm Back pain Stroke
IHD Stroke LRI Back pain NN preterm
how does one assess the value of a medical intervention?
QALY
A year in the hypothetical state of “perfect health” is worth how many QALYs.
1
list some measurements of global health?
QALY
DALY
Maternal mortality
Infant mortality
Life expectancy
Human development index
List some causes of a solitary ring enhancing lesion on CT?
Most common:
Neuro-Cysticercosis
Tuberculoma
Less common: Abscess Toxoplasmosis Lymphoma - PCNSL Sarcoid
Mets
toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis cause ring enhancing lesion in which individuals?
immunocompromised.
toxoplasmosis ring enhancing lesion occurs where?
around basal ganglia
what is the commonest cause of adult-onset epilepsy in many countries?
Taenia solium cysticercosis
what is the source of Taenia solium cysticercosis?
with pork tapeworm larvae
name the 2 types of INFECTION caused by Taenia solium?
Taeniasis - Intestinal infection with ADULT stage of large tapeworms; T. solium and T. saginata
Cysticercosis - Tissue infection with LARVAL stage of T. solium
which taenia causes cysticercosis?
T. solium
which taenia causes intestinal infection?
T. solium and T. saginata
if you get pig tapeworm, will you get cysticercosis?
No.
you will poop out tapeworm eggs, then people can get infection from its larva.
the tapeworm doesn’t want to kill you because it relies on you to live.
symptoms of Taeniasis?
asymptomatic usually
mechanism of Porcine cysticercosis?
this is when pigs get cysticercosis
pigs eat human poop so ingest tapeworm eggs in human faeces
parasites migrate to tissues & encyst -> measly pork
how does one get tapeworm from pig
eat undercooked or raw pork
rate the likelihood of getting cysticercosis:
- Carnivore
- vegetarian
- Vegan
- Muslim
- Jew
Can all get cysticercosis because cysts spread through faces contaminated food.
only carnivores can get the tapeworm though
what is the cause of symptomatic disease here?
brain cysticerci
symptoms of neurocysticercosis?
in order of likelihood:
epilepsy
raised intra-cranial pressure
headache
altered mental state
treatment for neurocysticercosis?
anticonvulsant - epilepsy
ventriculo-peritoneal shunt - hydrocephalus
Albendazole/praziquantel
steroids - suppress inflammatory response of treatment
