SARS-COV2

Question 1

70% of cases of which infection result from noscocomial infection?

Answer 1

MERS-COV

Question 2

OC43, 229E, NL-63 and HKU-1 are examples of?

Answer 2

coronaviruses that have affected humans

caused common colds

Question 3

SARS and MERS are examples of?

Answer 3

zoonotic coronaviruses

Question 4

what type of virus is coronavirus?

Answer 4

single stranded positive sense RNA

very large RNA genomes… 30kb!

Question 5

how is the coronavirus genome split up?

Answer 5

2/3rd of the encodes the replication genes – nsps 1-16- many unknown functions, some accessory.

The last 1/3 encodes essential structural proteins and some more accessary proteins.

Question 6

What product of the coronavirus genome is very unusual for an RNA virus?

Answer 6

Nsp14 is a proof reading exonuclease - very unusual for an RNA virus.

Question 7

SARS and SARS CoV2 bind to cells via ___?

Answer 7

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)

binds using its spike 1,2 proteins

Question 8

name the gene encoding the host proteases that cleaves the spike protein to activate it in two places?

Answer 8

TMPRSS2;

Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 is a Protein Coding gene

Question 9

Two virally encoded proteases that Could be targets for antivirals?

Answer 9

PLPro and M pro

Question 10

The most likely origin of SARS CoV2 is:

Answer 10

CoV with 96% similarity to SARS CoV2 has been found in Pangolins.

Question 11

which other animal is a huge reservoir of coronaviruses?

Answer 11

bats

Question 12

which 3 factors are involved in COV fidelity ;the degree of exactness with which something is copied or reproduced?

Answer 12

Spike 2 protein
viral enzymes
structural proteins

Question 13

which 3 factors are involved in COV gene modulation

Answer 13

Spike 1
non structural proteins - eg nsp14
accessory proteins

Question 14

when infected with sars cov2 / cover 19 how long until one is Virus positive and infectious

Answer 14

day 3

Question 15

when infected with sars cov2 / cover 19 how long until one is not infectious?

Answer 15

8 days since infection

but will still be virus positive here

Question 16

risk factors for covid19?

Answer 16

Age
Sex
Comorbidities: obesity, diabetes cardiac disease
Exposure: public facing jobs, HCWs, crowded housing conditions
Genetics: ABO blood group; innate immune factors

Question 17

what diagnostic options are there for Covdi19?

Answer 17

Antigen tests

• detect viral RNA using RT-PCR
• too sensitive?
• need lab processing

Antibody tests

• ELISA, LFIA
• needs 21 days for antibody repsonse

Question 18

Name 4 drugs that may be used in ITU for covid patients?

Answer 18

Dexamethasone, a steroid

Remdesivir a nucleoside analogue
Favipiravir
Toculizimab, an IL6 antibody

Question 19

which study found the evidence for Dex?

Answer 19

RECOVERY Trial

Question 20

name 1 vaccine for covid19 use?

Answer 20

none available

Question 21

the imperial college and Oxford vaccines are based on which covid19 component?

how do they work?

Answer 21

S protein

limited replication but Can induce cellular response

Question 22

name 1 nutation in cov2 that may have optimized interaction with ACE2 to enhance transmissibility?

what did it affect?

Answer 22

D614G mutation

affected the spike protein