Zoning

Question 1

First zoning ordinance

Answer 1

NYC 1916, Edward Bassett; cumulative approach to zoning

Question 2

A Zone

Answer 2

High risk of flooding. AE, AH, AO, AR A-# (known elevation). Flood Insurance Required.

Question 3

B & X Zone (Shaded)

Answer 3

100-500 year flood zone. Flood insurance not required.

Question 4

B & X Zone (Unshaded)

Answer 4

Above 500 year flood zone. Flood insurance not required.

Question 5

Cumulative zoning

Answer 5

Older approach to regulating land use; A hierarchical approach in which less intensive uses such as residences are allowed in areas of more intensive use, such as commercial districts

Question 6

Euclidean zoning

Answer 6

Specifies exactly what uses will be allowed in each district and at what level of intensity; Does not allow for mix of uses

Question 7

Form-based zoning

Answer 7

Regulates size, form, appearance and placement of buildings and parking rather than the use of the land and the density of development. Supports mixed-use neighborhoods with range of housing types Regulates size, form, appearance, and placement of building and parking rather than the use of the land and the density

Question 8

How large is a Traffic Analysis Zone?

Answer 8

Typically the size of a census tract

Question 9

Intermediate growth Boundary

Answer 9

Area of land where ddevelopment is channeled over time

Question 10

Leapfrog development

Answer 10

A type of sprawl where new evelopment is not contiguous with pre-existing devleopment but occurs some distance from it

Question 11

Metes and Bounds survey

Answer 11

Considered the oldest type of legal description Has monuments Has the words “more or less” Has POBs

Question 12

Nonconforming uses

Answer 12

Legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development

Question 13

Noncumulative zoning

Answer 13

Allows only stated use and not less intensive uses

Question 14

peak parking space factor for a hotel?

Answer 14

0.2 - 1.5 spaces per room

Question 15

peak parking space factor for a restaurant?

Answer 15

5 - 25 spaces per 1,000 SF of GLA

Question 16

peak parking space factor for offices?

Answer 16

0.5 - 3.0 spaces per 1,000 SF of GLA, or 0.1 - 0.75 spaces per employee

Question 17

peak parking space factor for residential?

Answer 17

0.2 - 2.0 spaces per unit

Question 18

peak parking space factor for shopping center?

Answer 18

1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 SF of GLA

Question 19

PEO

Answer 19

1964. Planners for Equal Opportunity. Focused on increasing racial diversity and social awareness within the profession

Question 20

Performance zoning

Answer 20

Focuses on intensity of development that is acceptable and its impact on the environment Does not deal with use of parcel but with impact of development on surrounding area Regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself

Question 21

Right of way

Answer 21

Right granted by owner to other to building, maintain and use a road, pathway or utility line across the owner’s property

Question 22

Transactive planning

Answer 22

Developed in the 1960s as a way to the public involved in the planning process Planning for people by the people Community meetings as principle forum Emphasis given to process of personal and organizational development, and not just the achievement of specific community objectives Plans are evaluated on improvements to the quality of life, not the delivery of services

Question 23

Transect zoning

Answer 23

Development as a continuum of six zones from rural to urban districts Identifies different three-dimensional standards for the hierarchy of uses from rural to urban Natural Rural Suburban General Urban Urban Center Urban Core (Special Districts)

Question 24

Urban Growth Boundary

Answer 24

Area of land available for development within 20-25 years

Question 25

Urban Reserve Boundary

Answer 25

Area of land which remains free of development for future expansion of an urban growth boundary

Question 26

Urban Service Area

Answer 26

Area of land targeted for new or improved infrastructure over 5-10 years

Question 27

Uses compatible with airport noise-affected areas

Answer 27

Those that lack areas of constant human occupation. I.e. manufacturing, warehousing, distribution.

Question 28

Variance is permissible when

Answer 28

Hardship inherent in the physical characteristics of the land (although often misconstrued as alleviation of financial hardship)

Question 29

Zoning

Answer 29

Exercise of police power, which means government’s right to impose regulations to protect public health, safety and welfare

Question 30

Zoning Board of Appeals (ZBA)

Answer 30

Considers request for variances; Hears appeals; Approves special use permits; Makes recommendations to city governing body.

Question 31

Special districts (i.e. water, sewer)

Answer 31

Special-purpose governments that generally serve a single purpose and are geographically defined; May levy taxes and issue debt and employ user charges as financial mechanism

Question 32

Traditional land use map colors

Answer 32

Purple - industry Yellow - low-density housing Brown - high-density housing Red - retail or commercial Blue - institution or public Green - recreational or natural resources Gray - utilities

Question 33

Urban clusters

Answer 33

Densely settled territories with 2,500 people but less than 50,000 New unit in 2000 Census

Question 34

Consistency Requirement

Answer 34

Rezonings must comply with comprehensive plan Applies to both the zoning map and the zoning ordinance Involves a detailed process of zoning conformance

Question 35

Corridor Planning

Answer 35

Goal is to coordinate capital improvements and accessibility along a corridor May include facade improvements, setback regulations, location of traffic signals and turning lanes, and supply of parking spaces

Question 36

Discretionary approvals

Answer 36

Process allowing government agency to use it’s judgment in deciding whether to approve a project Purpose may allow for citizen-based public evaluation of project quality and to ensure the ability of the city to approve, conditionally approve, or deny a project

Question 37

Easement by necessity

Answer 37

Allows a landlocked landowner to access a public highway over another’s public land when no relief is available.

Question 38

Gridiron

Answer 38

Lays out streets in a rectangular system

Question 39

Incremental planning

Answer 39

Used to change just one aspect of a plan Change one aspect without impacting the rest of plan Decision making is a series of small, incremental steps, sometimes known as the “science of muddling through”. Charles Lindblom; The Science of Muddling Through; response to rational planning model; acknowledges that changes are made in increments

Question 40

Large lot zoning

Answer 40

Could preserve farmland, forest, and natural areas “Large” is not defined Used in areas without public water and sewage systems

Question 41

Subdivision design covers

Answer 41

street layouts, lots, and blocks

Question 42

Subdivision requirements three elements

Answer 42

1) Plat (shows the location and boundaries of streets, lots/parcels, and other site info); 2) Design/construction stds to establish specifics of how improvements will be built; 3) Exactions specify subdividers responsibility for financing public improveme

Question 43

Termination of Easement

Answer 43

Expiration Unity of Ownership/Merger Release Abandonment Condemnation

Question 44

Township square

Answer 44

Equal to 36 square miles

Question 45

Types of Easements

Answer 45

Negative - Conservation Appurtenant - Use another’s land Easement in Gross - personal permission Express grant - written permission Express Reservation - written permission to reserve a right Implication - reasonable and intended Prescription - adverse possession, against wishes of property owner. Must be: Open, Adverse, Continuous, Claim of Right

Question 46

Urban Land Use Planning

Answer 46

F. Stuart Chapin, published in 1957. This book became a common textbook on land use planning.