Housing Flashcards
CDGB Created
1974
Housing affordability
in 2002 median incomes of $30,000 to $56,000 could afford a home in the range of $78,000 to $317,000
Housing Affordability Index
Published by the NAR Score of 100 means that a family earning median income can purchase median home Below 100 means they can’t
Housing Act of 1934
Established FSLIC for insuring savings deposits and FHA for insuring individual home mortgages
Housing Act of 1937
Wagner-Steagall Created U.S. Housing Authority Allowed local housing authorities to determine housing needs and construct and operate low-rent housing and engage in slum clearance
Housing Act of 1937
Tied slum clearance to public housing Wagner-Steagall Act $500M in loans
Housing Act of 1949
Established the basis for Urban Renewal. Focus on slum clearance, urban renewal and new housing construction (initialed Urban Renewal). - Wagner-Ellender-Taft - First comprehensive housing bill -800,000 Units - Focused on slum clearance and urban renewal - financing for public housing. The first comprehensive housing legislation Designed to have a goal to construct 800,000 residential units Known as the Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill
Housing Act of 1954
Established Section 701 planning grants to local govts. Allowed for fund to be use for comprehensive planning for communities less than 25,000. Expanded Urban Renewal; Instituted comprehensive housing and community redevelopment planning; Section 701 grants for planning in small communities–contributed to the establishment of local planning depts. Focused on slum prevention and urban renewal, rather than just clearance 140,000 new units, slum clearance & urban renewal FUNDING FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
Housing Act of 1959
Allowed for funds to be used for comprehensive planning for metro, state and regional levels. Made federal funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan, regional, and state levels
Housing Act of 1964
- Relaxed FHA procedures to expedite FHA-insured mortgages - Section 312 provided federal funds for home rehabilitation Housing assistance for moderate-income households
Housing and Community Development Act (1974)
Instituted CDBG program
Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 - Section 8
Recipients pay only 30 percent of their income towards housing and federal government pays the rest Main program for housing assistance to low-income households
Housing and Community Development Act of 1992
Section 202 was expanded to include supply of affordable housing with support services for elderly
Housing and Urban Development Act (1965)
Created HUD; Robert Weaver first HUD secretary
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
New Communities Act, permitting funding for new towns Funding for 6 million subsidized units Required local government to develop housing plans
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970
- Created community development corporations - Established national growth policy
Housing Opportunity Extension Act of 1996
Enacted to evict tenants with drug or alcohol abuse or criminal records from public housing Designated certain public housing projects or a certain number of units within a project for elderly or disabled individuals and families Providing funding to Habitat for Humanity and other nonprofit housing developers to expand homeownership opportunities for low- to moderate-income people
National Housing Act (1934)
Established federal insurance of savings deposits; Created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to underwrite mortgage insurance (with strict requirements for type and location home, and owner)
New Jersey Fair Housing Act of 1985
Enacted after Mount Laurel decision Statewide approached aimed at combating exclusionary zoning and promoting regional fair share affordable housing Also created a state Council on Affordable Housing
New York State Tenement Housing Law of 1901
Outlawed “dumbbell” tenements Permitted only 70% of lot coverage
NYC Tenement House Law (1897)
Required buildings to provide only narrow airshaft btwn adjacent structures and only two toilets on each floor (called dumbbell tenements bc of their shape)
NYC Tenement House Law (1901)
Outlawed the dumbbell design and allowd for only 70% lot coverage; Required toilets and running water in each unit, and improved lighting and ventilation
Characteristics of a traditional village
Mix of uses, w sidewalks, trees and on-street parking; Medium density; shallow front yards for residences; potentially 0’ setback for commerical areas; diverse housing types
Harlem Piers
Redevelopment project along the Hudson River
Homelessness
600,000 people on any given day 51% single men 17% women 39% families with children 1% mentally ill 15%-25% employed
Homelessness in the 1990s
Increased due to declining rental assistance, increased de-institutionalization of mental patients, and housing costs outstripping personal income growth.
Housing in the US
31% in central cities 31% in burbs 38% in rural 33% are manufactured homes Since 1970 - Average household size increased by 50% but the average number of people per household decreased by 1
Housing size
Since 1970, average size of a home increase 50% while the average household size has shrunk by one person
Jobs/housing ratio
Ratio between expected creation of jobs and need for housing Higher ratio means housing is created in other communities
NY Congestion Committee and 1909 Exhibit 1909.
New York Congestion Exhibit highlighting tenement housing issues. Considered first city planning exhibition. Led by Benjamin Marsh
Resettlement Administration 1935
Led my Rexford Tugwell Developed the three greenbelt towns of Greendale, WI; Greenhills, OH; and Greenbelt, MD Affordable housing, commerce, and nature Planned communities
Sanitary Reform & Public Health Movement
The Sanitary Reform and Public Health Movement began in the mid 1800’s as urbanization was happening at a rapid rate. The goal was to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and epidemics.
Settlement Housing Movement
A social movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Settlement Housing Movement’s goal was to create a connectedness between the rich and the poor. Settlement Workers, often from the middle class, would live and volunteer their time in settlement houses. The most famous Settlement House in the United States was Chicago’s Hull House founded by Jane Addams in 1889.
