zer to finals conditions Flashcards
what are the causes of MS
genes, epstein-barr virus, low vitamin D, smoking and obesiy
other causes of optic neuritis that arent MS
sarcoidosis, syphilis, measles, lyme disease
how to treat MS relapses
steriods
what do you look for in a lumbar puncture of MS
oligoclonal bands in the CSF
what is lhermittes sign
electric shock sensation that travels down spine and into limbs when flexing the neck.
what is the most common type of MND
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
what is progressive bulbar palsy
Affects the muscles of talking and swallowing
signs of a lower motor neuron disease
muscle wasting, reduced tone, fascicilations, reduced reflexes
signs of upper motor neurons
increased tone, brisk reflexes and upgoing plantar reflexes
what drugs slows progression of ALS
riluzole
side effects of sodium valproate
teratogenic, liver damage, hair loss and tremor
how does sodium valproate work
increases activity of GABA which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
drugs to treat generalised tonic- clonic seizure
men- sodium valproate
women- lamotrigine or levetiracetam
how do you treat a partial seizure
lamotrigine or levetiracetam
how to treat myoclonic seizure
men- sodium valproate
women- levetiracetam
how do you treat absent seizures
ethosuximide
what is status epilepticus
seizures lasting more than 5 minutes
management of status epilepticus
midazolam, diazepam
what is myasthenia gravis
autoimmune conditin affecting the neuromuscular junction.
what symptoms do you experiences with myasthenia gravis
muscle weakness that gets worse with activity
what tumour is myastheia gravis associated with
thymomas
treatment for myasthenia gravis
cholinesterase inhibitor
immunosupressors
what viruses trigger guillian barre syndrome
campylobacter jejuni, epstein barr virus
how do you diagnose guillian barr syndrome
nerve conduction studies
lumbar puncture looking for raised protein with normal cell and glucose count
