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neuro > neuroanatomy > Flashcards

neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of neutrons

A

high metabolic rate, long living and amitotic (don’t divide)
loose chromatin and prominent nucleolus

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2
Q

what are the 3 types of neutron

A

multipolar- motor
bipolar- retinal nerve fibre (cr 1and 2)
pseudounipolar neuron- sensory neutron

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3
Q

function of myelin sheath

A

increases conduction sped in axons

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4
Q

what forms the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells in PNS
oligodendrocytes in CNS

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5
Q

what is the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

clinical importance of myelin sheath

A

MS- patchy loss/ scarring of myelin sheath and prevents normal nerve conduction

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7
Q

what does white matter contain

A

myelinated axons

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8
Q

what does grey matter contain

A

nerve cell bodies

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9
Q

collect of neural cell bodies outside CNS

A

ganglion

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10
Q

collect of neural cell bodies inside CNS

A

nucleus

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11
Q

glial cells

A

non excitable supporting cells, much smaller than neurone

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12
Q

neurons

A

excitable cells and carry impulses as action potentials

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13
Q

most popular glial cell in CNS

A

astrocytes- maintaining blood brain barrier

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14
Q

function of microglia

A

phagocytosis and help with scar tissue formation

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15
Q

function of ependymal cells

A

line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles

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16
Q

function of satellite cells

A

surround neuronal cell bodies

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17
Q

describe the blood brain barrier

A

protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain and prevent harmful amino acids and ions entering the bloodstream and blood cells entering the brain

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18
Q

what forms the BBB

A

tight endothelial junctions sitting on a basal lamina and is protected by foot processes of astrocytes

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19
Q

what is a circumventricular organ

A

organs that dont have a blood brain barrier such as the hypothalamus and pituarity gland as they are endocrine organs

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20
Q

function of cerebrum

A

consciousness

21
Q

function of cerebellum

A

balance and coordination, fine tuning motor activity

22
Q

function of brainstem

A

vital centres such as cardiorespiratory, pathway for fibre tracts

23
Q

three parts of brainstem

A

mid brain, pons, medulla

24
Q

where does lower end of medulla sit

A

foramen magnum

25
Q

3 folds of dura mater

A

tantrum cerebelli,
dural folds
falx cerebri

26
Q

what are ventricles in the brain

A

Spaces in the brain filled with CSF

27
Q

where do you find the lateral ventricles

A

c shaped cavities which lie in the cerebral hemisphere

28
Q

where do you find the third ventricle

A

cavity within the diencephalon connected by inter ventricular foramen

29
Q

where do you find the cerebral aqueducts

A

found in the midbrain

30
Q

where do you find the diamond shaped 4th ventricles

A

in the hindbrain- between pons and medulla (in front) and cerebellum ( in back)

31
Q

where is CSF present

A

inside ventricles and between Pia and arachnoid mater

32
Q

where is CSF formed

A

by choroid plexus in each ventricle

33
Q

where is CSF absorbed

A

by arachnoid villi into saggital sinus

34
Q

where does CSF circulate

A

around brain and into subarachnoid mater

35
Q

what is the diecaphelon made up of

A

thalamus and hypothalamus and pituarity gland

35
Q

what is the medulla

A

lowest part of brain stem and at form magnum becomes the spinal cord

36
Q

what cranial nerves arise from the medulla

A

9,10,11,12

37
Q

what is a decussation

A

crossing over of motor fibres on medulla that carry impulses to skeletal muscle

38
Q

where does the medulla connect to the cerebellum

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle

39
Q

what cranial nerves arise from the pons

A

5.6.7.8

40
Q

where does the pons attach to the cerebellum

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

41
Q

what are the superior and inferior colliculi

A

pea like structures on the midbrain and superior gives rise to visual reflex and inferior gives rise to auditory reflex

42
Q

does 4th cranial nerve originate from the posterior or anterior aspect of the midbrain

A

posterior aspect

43
Q

are the structures that make up the diencephalon made up of grey or white matter

A

grey matter

44
Q

what does the thalamus do

A

sensory info synapses in thalamus and it triages it and decides what is most important

45
Q

functions of hypothalamus

A

regulating homeostasis

46
Q

Role of circle of willis

A

protective feature against vaso-occlusion of large arteries

47
Q

where do the superficial and deep veins of the brain drain into

A

venous sinus between dura mater and this drains into IJV

48
Q
A

neuro (28 decks)

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