Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBB 142 Lab First Exam > Zebrafish > Flashcards

Zebrafish Flashcards

1
Q

advantages of Zf as model organism

A

transparent eggs
rapid embryonic development (major organs in 24 hrs.)
quick generation time (2-3 months to reach reproductive stage)
ease of maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

number of eggs laid by female

A

100-200 eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

term which means “found at bottom of a body of water” used to describe Zf eggs

A

demersal (sink to bottom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

internal or external fertilization?

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

part of egg that the first sperm attaches to

A

microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

enumerate the 2 mechanisms to prevent polyspermy

A
  1. microvilli elongate to form fertilization cone and micropyle becomes plugged
  2. calcium dependent cortical granule reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the clear cytoplasm that sits atop the yolky sphere

A

blastodisc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when does cleavage begin? what is the time interval between each cleavage?

A

after 45 minutes; occurs every 15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

staging series for Zf

A

by Kimmel et al.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

type of cleavage

A

meroblastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

first sign of fertilization

A

transparent egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the organizer region where the deep cells converge towards the dorsal side (analogous to Koller’s sickle region)

A

embryonic shield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The first 6 cleavages are ____. The succeeding cleavages are now ____.

A

synchronous; metasynchronous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cleavage wherein waves of cell divisions pass through the blastoderm and a multi-tiered mound of cells is produced

A

metasynchronous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

enumerate the 3 distinct layers in the blastula

A

yolk syncytial layer (YSL)
enveloping layer (EVL)
deep cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

protective outer layer of blastula that is eventually sloughed off

A

periderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the cells that become the embryo

A

deep cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

spreading of blastoderm down around the yolk

A

epiboly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

movements within the YSL during epiboly are due to?

A

action of microtubules and their associated motor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the turning on of the embryonic genome that begins at the 10th cell division

A

mid-blastula transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the messages stored in the egg during oogenesis that controlled development

A

maternal mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

process where deep cells turn inward and spread on top of the YSL

A

involution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the thickened ring of deep cells produced during the initial stages of involution

A

germ ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

stage with 100% epiboly

A

bud stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

enumerate the 3 sensory placodes found on the head

A

olfactory placodes
otic placodes
lens placodes (with optic cups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when organogenesis begins

A

24 hours into development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

enumerate the 2 structures formed when the neural plate folds inward

A

neural keel and neural rod

28
Q

the series of canals containing sensory structures that detect low-frequency motions in water

A

lateral line system

29
Q

the sensory structures found in the lateral line system

A

neuromasts

30
Q

when does the embryo hatch?

A

between 48-72 hours

31
Q

chromatophore that contains light-reflecting crystals (usually guanine)

A

iridophores

32
Q

term used to describe breeding that is dependent on light and dark cycles

A

photoperiodic

33
Q

specific light/dark cycle (in hours) needed for breeding

A

14 hours light, 10 hours dark

34
Q

optimum temperature in raising Zf

A

28.5 degrees Celsius

35
Q

differentiate male Zf from female Zf

A

males: longer, slimmer, more yellow
females: plumper and more silvery

36
Q

best food source for high-protein diet of Zf

A

brine shrimp

37
Q

ratio of males to females in breeding tank

A

1 male to two females

38
Q

when mating usually occurs

A

dawn/light period

39
Q

food of Zf when below 10 days old

A

baby fish food or paramecia

40
Q

enumerate the 2 solutions that can be used to maintain Zf embryos

A
  1. egg water

2. 10% Hank’s stock solution

41
Q

used to anesthetize embryos

A

tricaine

42
Q

used to dechorionate

A

dilute pronase

43
Q

ciliated organ of asymmetry in the zebrafish embryo that initiates left-right development of the brain, heart and gut.

A

Kupffer’s vesicle

44
Q

the phylotypic stage in Zf development

A

pharyngula stage

45
Q

enumerate 3 effects of cold temperature (~18 degrees) on Zf development

A

inhibits microtubules
inhibits ooplasmic segregation?
inhibits axis formation?

46
Q

effect of high temperature (~40 degrees) on development

A

first mitotic division prevented

diploids become tetraploids

47
Q

substance that can cause birth defects (include examples of these)

A

teratogens (ex. mercury, thalidomide, alcohol, vitamin A)

48
Q

usually prescribed to people with bipolar disorder

A

lithium carbonate

49
Q

enumerate the 5 teratogenic effects of lithium

A
  1. Ebstein anomaly (heart)
  2. spina bifida
  3. “floppy infant syndrome” (weak, unresponsive baby)
  4. exo-gastrulation (archenteron evaginates instead)
  5. dorsalized embryo (recall Wnt/β-catenin pathway)
50
Q

describe the relationship of the following: glycogen synthase kinase (GSK), β-catenin, lithium, inositol triposphate

A
  1. lithium inhibits GSK, which inhibits β-catenin

2. lithium depletes inositol triphosphate in PIP cycle

51
Q

enumerate the derivatives of vitamin A

A
  1. β-carotene
  2. vitamin A/retinol
  3. retinal
  4. retinoic acid
  5. tretinoin
  6. isotretinoin
52
Q

enumerate 4 teratogenic effects of retinoic acid

A
  1. microcephaly
  2. microphthalmia
  3. craniofacial defects
  4. cardiovascular defects (ex. teratology of Fallot)
  5. thymus defects
  6. reduced limbs
53
Q

broken down to retinoic acid when exposed to sunlight

A

methoprene

54
Q

a posteriorizing signal known to influence Hox gene expression

A

retinoic acid

55
Q

enumerate 3 teratogenic effects of alcohol

A
  1. fetal alcohol syndrome (face, heart, mental retardation)
  2. fetal alcohol effect
  3. cyclopia (only 1 eye)
56
Q

enzyme that breaks down alcohol. is this found in embryos?

A

alcohol dehydrogenase; NOT in embryos

57
Q

enumerate 4 examples of endocrine disruptors

A
  1. dioxin
  2. DDT
  3. p-nonylphenol
  4. phthalates
58
Q

enumerate examples of behaviors that can be observed

A
  1. touch stimulus
  2. phototactic/negative phototactic response (towards/away from light)
  3. mating behavior
  4. dominance hierarchy
59
Q

2 dyes used for whole mounts (include what they stain)

A
  1. alcian blue - stains glycosaminoglycans of cartilage at low pH
  2. alizarin red - stains calcium in bones at high pH
60
Q

embryonic primordium determined to form specific organ

A

anlage

61
Q

exogenous substances that interfere with normal hormone function

A

endocrine disruptors

62
Q

precursor to pectoral and pelvic fins

A

fin bud

63
Q

type of egg (in terms of yolk amount)

A

macrolecithal

64
Q

the segregation of specific informational molecules within the cytoplasm to different regions of egg

A

ooplasmic segregation

65
Q

neuromeres of hindbrain

A

rhombomere

MBB 142 Lab First Exam (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions