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MBB 142 Lab First Exam > Chick v1 > Flashcards

Chick v1 Flashcards

1
Q

type of egg that can survive on land

A

amniote egg

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2
Q

puddle of non-yolky cytoplasm that sits atop the yolk

A

blastodisc

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3
Q

complete type of cleavage in chick embryo

A

meroblastic and discoidal

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4
Q

3 layers of the shell (indicate which is/are calcified)

A 
mammillary layer (calcified)
spongy layer (calcified) 
cuticular membrane (outermost; not calcified)
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5
Q

number of hours taken from ovulation to laying of the egg

A

24 hours

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6
Q

composition of albumen

A

water (88%) and glycoproteins

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7
Q

enumerate the proteins found in the albumen (indicate their functions)

A

ovalbumen (most abundant)
lysozyme (antibacterial; disrupts bacterial cell walls)
ovotransferrin (antibacterial; binds iron)
avidin (antibacterial; binds biotin)
ovomucin (antiviral)
cystatin (antiviral)

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8
Q

first step in chick gastrulation

A

delamination

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9
Q

stage of oocyte upon ovulation

A

secondary oocyte

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10
Q

phenomenon where one sperm pronucleus fuses with the egg pronucleus

A

physiological polyspermy

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11
Q

enumerate the 3 yolk lipids

A

glycerides
phospholipids
sterol

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12
Q

number of days before a duck egg hatches

A

27 days

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13
Q

where notochordal cells diverge, ingress, and migrate forward rather than laterally

A

Hensen’s node

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14
Q

line of ingression that is analogous to the dorsal lip of the blastopore

A

primitive streak

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15
Q

2 layers formed during delamination (indicate what layers they are made of)

A

epiblast (consisting of presumptive ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
hypoblast (consisting of extraembryonic endoderm)

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16
Q

the anterior-to-posterior wave of progression of the primitive streak

A

regression of the primitive streak

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17
Q

the region in a gastrulating chick that induces the formation of the primitive streak and Hensen’s node

A

Koller’s sickle region

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18
Q

enumerate the 4 extra-embryonic membranes (indicate their functions)

A

amnion (provides isotonic fluid and buffering)
chorion (serves as protection)
allantois (stores nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid)
yolk sac (brings yolk nutrients back to embryo proper)

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19
Q

defect in which the neural plate does not fully close

A

spina bifida

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20
Q

also called the “primary organizer” because it can induce the axial organization of the embryo

A

notochordal mesoderm

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21
Q

enumerate examples of structures formed by the neural crest cells

A 
pigment cells (but not pigmented retina)
membrane bones in face and skull
dentine-secreting cells of teeth
adrenal medulla
sympathetic ganglia
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22
Q

3 subdivisions of somites (indicate what they will form)

A

sclerotome (forms vertebrate and ribs)
myotome (forms skeletal muscles of back and appendages)
dermatome (gives rise to dermis)

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23
Q

reason why the proamnion is clear

A

it consists of only the endoderm and ectoderm

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24
Q

trace the path of a mature ovum traveling through the oviduct (indicate what happens in each part)

A

fimbria infundibulum (site of fertilization)
magnum (secretes albumen)
isthmus (addition of chalazae and inner/outer shell membranes
uterus (plumping; addition of salts and water)
vagina
cloaca

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25
Q

space that separates blastoderm from yolk

A

subgerminal cavity

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26
Q

nutrients found in egg yolk

A

water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

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27
Q

region of blastoderm still connected to underlying yolk

A

area opaca

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28
Q

shows location of each germ layer prior to gastrulation and its route of travel during gastrulation

A

fate map

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29
Q

enumerate and differentiate the 2 subdivisions of the area opaca

A 
area  vitellina (outer; contains yolk granules)
area vasculosa (inner; where blood islands are forming)
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30
Q

the transition between the closed foregut and open midgut

A

anterior intestinal portal

31
Q

describe how the open neural plate folds into a closed neural tube

A

caused by a change in shape of the neural plate cells from cuboidal to truncated pyramidal; due to contraction of actin and myosin filaments

32
Q

when does a chick heart start beating?

A

at 48 hours into development

33
Q

evagination of the posterior pituitary

A

infundibulum (eventually becomes pituitary gland)

34
Q

highly vascularized region that secretes cerebrospinal fluid

A

anterior choroid plexus

35
Q

evagination of diencephalon roof

A

epiphysis (eventually becomes pineal gland)

36
Q

function of pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin that controls seasonal and circadian rhythms

37
Q

2 regions of pituitary gland (indicate the hormones that each secretes)

A

neurohypophysis (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone)

adenohypophysis (thyroid stimulating hormones, luteinizing hormones, etc.)

38
Q

pacemaker of a vertebrate heart

A

sinoatrial node

39
Q

space between the head and the pro amnion (head fold that undercuts embryo)

A

subcephalic pocket

40
Q

enumerate the 5 major processes that occur in chick gastrulation

A
  1. delamination
  2. medio-lateral intercalation
  3. convergent extension
  4. formation of primitive streak
  5. ingression of endoderm and mesoderm
41
Q

egg white disease causes a deficiency in what vitamin?

A

biotin/vitamin H

42
Q

staging series for chick

A

Hamburger and Hamilton

43
Q

space between somatopleure and splanchnopleure

A

coelomic space

44
Q

describe the chick heart at 33 hours into development

A

relatively straight tube with 4 chambers

45
Q

the blood vessel that marks the terminal channel of the vitelline circulation

A

sinus terminalis

46
Q

series of enlargements along the myelencephalon; these become associated with a specific set of motor and sensory nerves

A

neuromeres

47
Q

requirements of incubator

A

forced-draft (has fan)
humidified (57% relative humidity)
37.5-38 degrees Celsius

48
Q

how should eggs be incubated?

A

with the blunt side on top

49
Q

region of heart that receives blood and delivers it to the conus arteriosus

A

ventricle

50
Q

day of development when heart forms

A

day 2

51
Q

day of development when beak forms

A

day 6

52
Q

day of development when head turns towards large end of egg

A

day 14

53
Q

day of development when gut draws into abdomen

A

day 15

54
Q

day of development when yolk sac is absorbed

A

day 18

55
Q

day of development when chick starts pipping (internal and external)

A

day 20

56
Q

Where in the egg is the air space located?

A

blunt side

57
Q

suspend the yolk in the middle of the albumen and allow it to rotate

A

chalazae

58
Q

cells produced during cleavage

A

blastomeres

59
Q

By the time the egg is laid, the embryo is undergoing

A

gastrulation

60
Q

located between the two rows of somites, in the midline underneath the neural ectoderm

A

notochord

61
Q

3 major subdivisions of the brain

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

62
Q

5 subdivisions of the brain

A

telen, dien, mesen, meten, myelen

63
Q

These are epidermal thickenings on the side of the head in the region of the
myelencephalon.

A

otic placodes

64
Q

These are evaginations of the lateral walls of the diencephalon. They grow close to the
head epidermis and will induce it to form the lens of the eye.

A

optic vesicle

65
Q

Typical of chordates. These form embryonically. In organisms with gills, they will form the gill slits. In higher vertebrates, they are transformed into structures such as the eustachian tube and cavity of the middle ear, the epithelium of the tonsils, thymus, parathyroid, and ultimobranchial bodies.

A

pharyngeal pouches

66
Q

How to check condition of egg?

A

Candling

67
Q

At hatching, the process of a baby bird breaking through its shell

A

Pipping

68
Q

The paired arteries that connect the ventral aorta to the dorsal aorta. They are the blood vessels of the visceral (pharyngeal) arches, one pair per visceral arch.

A

aortic arch

69
Q

In a chick embryo, the inner extraembryonic region that is separated from the yolk by a subgerminal cavity. This area looks lighter and more translucent than the surrounding area because of the space below it.

A

area pellucida

70
Q

In a vertebrate, the anterior-most region of the brain, also called the telencephalon. It is associated with olfactory organs and the sense of smell, as well as being the center of intelligence.

A

cerebrum

71
Q

_________’s lateral evaginations form the _____, a ventral evagination forms the _______, and a dorsal evagination forms the _______.

A

Diencephalon’s; optic vesicle; infundibulum; epiphysis

72
Q

During gastrulation, the type of cell movement that involves cells moving inward as individual cells.

A

ingression

73
Q

The folding inward of a sheet of cells

A

invagination

74
Q

The veins coming from the extraembryonic regions that enter the posterior chamber of
the heart.

A

vitelline veins

MBB 142 Lab First Exam (8 decks)

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