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MBB 142 Lab First Exam > Questions from Postlab slides > Flashcards

Questions from Postlab slides Flashcards

1
Q

Infolding of cell sheet into embryo

A

Invagination

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2
Q

Inturning of cell sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer

A

Involution

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3
Q

Migration of individual cells into the embryo

A

Ingression

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4
Q

Splitting of one sheet into two sheets

A

Delamination

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5
Q

Expansion of one cell sheet over other cells

A

Epiboly

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6
Q

Contact and recognition between sperm and egg

A

Fertilization

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7
Q

Mitosis without size increase

A

Cleavage

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8
Q

Ending of cleavage

A

Formation of blastoderm

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9
Q

Complete cleavage

A

Holoblastic

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10
Q

Incomplete cleavage

A

Meroblastic

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11
Q

Formation of three-layered organism in its proper orientation

A

Gastrulation

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12
Q

Five examples of gastrulation movements

A

Invagination, involution, ingression, delamination, epiboly,

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13
Q

Three derivatives of somites

A

Myotome, sclerotome, dermatome

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14
Q

Germ layer origin of notochord

A

Mesoderm

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15
Q

Germ layer origin of somites

A

Mesoderm

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16
Q

Germ layer origin of embryonic gut

A

Endoderm

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17
Q

Germ layer origin of epidermis

A

Ectoderm

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18
Q

Germ layer origin of brain

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

Germ layer origin of liver

A

Endoderm

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20
Q

The formation of the ______ characterizes gastrulation in Dm

A

Ventral furrow

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21
Q

Reason why hen only has one functional ovary

A

Need ample space for egg to develop

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22
Q

Can a hen lay more than one egg per day?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Where does the sperm enter the chick egg to fertilize it?

A

Anywhere

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24
Q

Meaning of macrolecithal

A

Large yolk

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25
Q

Outermost layer of egg shell

A

Cuticular layer

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26
Q

Only egg shell layer that is not made of calcium carbonate

A

Cuticular layer

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27
Q

Middle layer of egg shell

A

Spongy layer

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28
Q

Composition of spongy and mammillary layers

A

Calcium carbonate

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29
Q

End of the egg with most pores

A

Blunt end

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30
Q

Which of the two (inner/outer cell membrane) is made of thin elastin-like fibers of uniform thickness?

A

Inner layer

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31
Q

Which of the two (inner/outer cell membrane) is made of thick elastin-like fibers of non-uniform thickness?

A

Outer layer

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32
Q

Antibacterials in albumen

A

Lysozyme, ovotransferrin, avidin

33
Q

Antivirals in albumen

A

Ovomucin, cystatin

34
Q

Function of avidin

A

Binds to biotin

35
Q

Disease caused by eating too many raw egg

A

Egg white disease

36
Q

Living component of egg that contains viable embryo

A

Germinal disc

37
Q

Difference between blastodisc and blastoderm

A

Blastoderm - fertile; blastodisc - infertile

38
Q

Blastoderm indicates ____ egg?

39
Q

Blastodisc indicates ____ egg?

40
Q

What stage of development is a chick egg in once it is laid?

A

Gastrulation

41
Q

Description of chick cleavage

A

Meroblastic discoidal

42
Q

Cells produced during cleavage

A

Blastomeres

43
Q

Two layers formed at the end of cleavage

A

Epiblast, Hypoblast

44
Q

Layer of blastoderm that makes embryo

45
Q

Layer of blastoderm that makes extraembryonic structures

46
Q

Space in center of blastoderm that separates cells from yolk

A

Subgerminal cavity

47
Q

Function of subgerminal cavity

A

Separates cells from yolk

48
Q

Characterizes chick gastrulation

A

Hensen’s node @ primitive streak

49
Q

Type of fertilization in mouse

50
Q

Stage of meiosis at which the mouse egg cell is in, once it gets fertilized?

A

Meiosis II

51
Q

Does physiological polyspermy occur in mice?

52
Q

The two layers of blastocyst formed during mouse cleavage

A

Inner cell mass, trophectoderm

53
Q

Fate of trophectoderm

A

Extraembryonic structures

54
Q

Fate of inner cell mass

A

Mouse embryo

55
Q

Why more practical to use small model systems?

A

Cheaper, faster, less complicated

56
Q

Characteristics of good model organisms (4)

A

1) easy to manipulate
2) good genetics
3) easy to propagate
4) cheap and abundant

57
Q

Why is Dm a good model organism (4)

A

Amenable to mutagenesis; Ubiquitous and abundant; Well-known genetics and development; Easy to maintain in the laboratory

58
Q

Why is Zf a good model organism (3)

A

Produces many offspring
External fertilization
Amenable to complex manipulations

59
Q

Why is Gallus domesticus a good model org (3)

A

Highly available
Embryos are similar to those of mammals
Staging is simple

60
Q

Why not Gallus domesticus? (2)

A

Hard to study embryos within eggs

Poor genetics

61
Q

Why mus musculus (3)?

A

Have many genes homologous to humans during development
Similar to human embryos
good genetics

62
Q

Why not? (1)

A

Difficult to follow development

63
Q

Eight gastrulation movements

A

invagination, involution, delamination, ingression, epiboly, migration, intercalation, convergent extension

64
Q

When does eclosion occur (What day)?

A

Day 11 or 12

65
Q

3 components of the culture medium in Dm

A

1) potato/corn meal
2) propionic acid
3) yeast

66
Q

Type of cleavage of Dm?

A

Meroblastic superficial

67
Q

During the larval period, the larva grows and molts _______, separating the period into three instars

68
Q

Gestation period of chick

A

19-21 days

69
Q

Why do hens have only one fxnal ovary?

A

Because having two mature ovaries will not give enough space for the egg to develop and traverse the oviduct.

70
Q

How do double egg yolks occur?

A

When two ovarian follicles develop at the same rate, they will be simultaneously ovulated

71
Q

Why is albumen yellowish in color?

A

Contains riboflavin or ovoflavin (carotenoids)

72
Q

How long is sperm viable in chick?

73
Q

Precursor of Hensen’s node

A

Koller’s sickle region

74
Q

After how long will all the primordial organs have formed?

75
Q

Fate of optic vesicle

A

optic cupp

76
Q

fate of infundibulum

A

pituitary gland

77
Q

fate of epiphysis

A

pineal gland

78
Q

is a ciliated organ of asymmetry in the zebrafish embryo that initiates left-right development of the brain, heart and gut

A

Kuppfer’s vesicle

MBB 142 Lab First Exam (8 decks)

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