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Systemic Pathology > YR3 8 L HO2 > Flashcards

YR3 8 L HO2 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the Liver

A

Hepatitis

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2
Q

Inflammation of the Bile Ducts

A

Cholangitis

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3
Q

Inflammation of the Gall Bladder

A

Cholecystitis

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4
Q

Inflammation of the Liver & Traids

A

Cholangiohepatitis

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5
Q

Viral Diseases that affect the Liver

A

Equine Herpesvirus 1, Canine Herpesvirus, Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH), Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), Rift Valley fever, Wesselsbron disease

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6
Q

Equine Herpesvirus 1 clinical signs

A

1)Icterus 2)Aborted or weak neonatal foal w/ severe hyperaemia of the mucosae & pulmonary congestion & oedema

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7
Q

Equine Herpesvirus 1 histo

A

Foci of necrosis with nuclear inclusion on the edges of necrotic foci in the liver, lungs, adrenal & thymus gland

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8
Q

Canine Herpesvirus aka

A

Fading puppy’

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9
Q

Canine Herpesvirus - gross, histo

A

Macro - Necrotic foci & haemorrhages on the liver, kidney, lungs, adrenals, spleen, brain & intestine. Micro - Nuclear inclusions (diag.)

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10
Q

Canine Herpesvirus residual lesions

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia, retinal & renal dysplasia

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11
Q

Canine Herpesvirus clinical signs

A

1)Infectious tracheobronchitis aka ‘kennel cough (+Bordetella brochiseptica +/- Adenovirus II) 2)Genital syndrome - infertility, abortion, stillbirths

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12
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitis agent

A

Canine Adenovirus I

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13
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitis lesions (ma)

A

Yellowish-brown to dark red and mottled liver +/- fibrin strands on the surface. Haemorrhages in and/or oedema of the gall bladder walls. Charac. ‘paint brush’ haemorrhages on serosal surface of stomach. Petechiae in the thalamus

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14
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitislesions (mi)

A

Nuclear inclusions in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells (of thalamus as well)

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15
Q

Infectious Canine Hepatitis sequelae

A

Blue Eye - the reason Adenovirus II is used in the vaccine

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16
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) agent

A

FIP virus - Carona virus

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17
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) lesion

A

Multifocal to coalescing granulomas w/ a layer of organising exudate on liver capsule

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18
Q

Bacterial Disease - how

A

Bacterial hepatitis common - usually multifocal & haematogenous 1)Spread from portal vein, hepatic artery, umbilical vein 2)Spread from biliary tree 3)Ext. of ‘hardware disease’

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19
Q

Bacterial Disease list

A

1)Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus in aborted and neonatal lambs 2)Actinobacillus equuli in foals 3)Salmonella spp. 4)Mycobacterium spp. 5)Pasteurella multocida in aborted lambs 6)Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in ruminants 7)Listeria monocytogenes in aborted lamb

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20
Q

Liver Abscesses; species, pathogenesis

A

Cattle, usually asymptomatic. Heal by fibrosis. Rupturing > peritonitis, or into the hepatic vein or caudal vena cava > embolism to the lungs - PEA syndrome

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21
Q

Pulmonary Embolic Aneurysm (PEA)

A

Liver abscess > thrombosis of caudal vena cava > pulmonary embolism

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22
Q

Liver Necrobacillosis - agent, lesion

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum. Large multiple to coalescing foci of coagulative necrosis

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23
Q

Liver Necrobacillosis - Navel-ill

A

Omphalophlebitis - Umbilical infection > liver and lung foci

24
Q

Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus abortion lesion

A

Hepatic lesions

25
Q

Salmonella lesion

A

Small disseminate foci of necrosis may be seen in the liver and spleen

26
Q

Mycobacterium spp. - Pig

A

Miliary TB

27
Q

Mycobacterium spp. - M.avium paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s disease - small granulomas may occur in the liver

28
Q

Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis aka

A

Black Leg

29
Q

Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis agent, species

A

Clostridium novyi toxins - sheep, cattle, rarely horses & pigs

30
Q

Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis predispositions

A

Fasciola hepatica, Taenia hydatigena larvae, liver biopsy

31
Q

Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis signs, lesions

A

1)Very dark skin discoloration 2)Single or multiple large necrotic foci surrounded by ring of hyperaemia

32
Q

Bacillary Haemoglobinuria - agent, species

A

Clostridium haemolyticum toxin due to liver damage by Faciola hepatica or biopsy - Cattle (acute, fatal)

33
Q

Tyzzer’s Disease - agent, species, lesion

A

Clostridium (Bacillus) piliforme. Foals 1-5wks. Multifocal necrotic hepatitis and necrotising colitis

34
Q

Liver Parasitic Diseases

A

1)Toxoplasmosis 2)Ascaris suum 3)Taenis hydatigena

35
Q

Toxoplasmosis agent, species

A

T.gondii. Cat - immunosuppressed

36
Q

Ascaris suum pathogenesis

A

Larval migration > ‘Milk Spot’ liver

37
Q

Taenia hydatigena larvae - aka, hosts

A

Cysticercus tenuicollis (. DH - Dog & other canids, IH - Sheep, cattle, goat

38
Q

Echinococcus granulosus lesion

A

Multilocular larval cysts

39
Q

Inflammation of unknown aetiology

A

1)Serum hepatitis in horses 2)Chronic active hepatitis in dogs 3)Cholangiohepatitis & icterus in mature cats

40
Q

Inflammation of unknown aetiology - Serum hepatitis in horses

A

Centrilobular to submassive necrosis

41
Q

Inflammation of unknown aetiology - Chronic active hepatitis in dogs

A

1)ICH, leptospirosis 2)Copper toxicosis - hereditary in Bedlington terriers, Dobermans and West Highland white terriers 3)Anticonvulsant drugs (primidone and phenytoin)

42
Q

Chronic active hepatitis in dogs - Copper toxicosis lesions

A

Cirrhosis (multinodular hyperplasia and fibrosis with inflammation)

43
Q

Toxic Hepatopathy aetiology

A

Liver essential in detoxification and excretion of xenobiotic. Liver often severely affected; other organs untouched

44
Q

Toxic Hepatopathy pathogenesis

A

1) Biotransformation (metabolism of lipid soluble compounds by microsomal MFO enzymes, e.g. CCl4, plant toxins) - intermediate reactive radicals formed 2)Natural affinity (storage results in raised levels and toxicity, e.g. Cu) 3)Some compounds not metabolised, e.g. P

45
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Plants/Mycotoxins

A

1)Facial eczema 2)Panicum spp. 3)Lupinosis Myoporum spp. (ngaio) poisoning 4)Ragwort (Senecio) poisoning 5)Cestrum spp. (inkberry) poisoning 6)Blue-green algae 7)Pimelea spp. Poisoning 8)Lantana spp. 9)Aflatoxicosis

46
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Facial Eczema aka, causes

A

Sporidesmiotoxicosis via mycotoxin sporidesmin. Icterus & hepatogenous photosensitivity

47
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Facial Eczema liver effects

A

Acute - swollen, Chronic - left lobe atrophy, central/right lobe hyperplasia, fibrosis and bile duct hyperplasia

48
Q

Other Causes of Hepatogenous Photosensitivity

A

1) Panicum spp. grasses 2)Phomopsison lupins 3)Cestrumspp. 4)Blue-green algae 5)Myoporum spp. (ngaio) 6)Lantana spp.

49
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Myoporum(Ngaio) Poisoning

A

Furanosesquiterpenoid oils metabolised by MFOs zonal necrosis

50
Q

Toxic Hepatopathy - Chronic ragwort (Senecio spp.) Poisoning; aetiology, lesion (m&m)

A

The toxins are pyrrolizidine alkaloids - have antimitotic effect. Fibrosis and nodular hyperplasia. Note megalocytosis histologically.

51
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Organic/Inorganic

A

1)Copper poisoning - acute or chronic 2)Saccharated iron toxicity 3)Carbon tetrachloride 4)Phosphorus 5)Anticonvulsants 6)Steroids 7)Mebendazole 8)Paracetamol

52
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Copper Acute path

A

Acute haemolysis arises when plasma copper increases following Cu release from liver cells damaged by excessive storage of Cu

53
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Copper Acute lesion

A

1)’Gun-metal’ grey-black kidney 2)Khaki coloured icterus

54
Q

Toxic Hepatosis - Copper Chronic histo

A

Copper cells and megalocytes also seen in chronic ragwort poisoning

55
Q

Liver Hyperplasia

A

1)Nodular 2)Cystic

56
Q

Liver Nodular Hyperplasia lesion(m&m)

A

Macronodular hyperplasia - colour difference may be due to fatty change. Micromodular - evident microscopically

57
Q

Liver Neoplasia

A

1)Hepatoblastoma - sheep 2)Hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma 3)Cholangiocellular adenoma and carcinoma 4)Metastatic neoplasms

Systemic Pathology (14 decks)

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