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Systemic Pathology > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the urinary system

A

Kidney, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

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2
Q

Microscopic components of the kidney

A

Glomeruli, tubules, interstitum, vessels

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3
Q

End stage kidneys

A

Destruction of all four components by chronic renal disease

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4
Q

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

A

Basement membrane thickening

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5
Q

Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

A

Increase cell numbers

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6
Q

Membranoproliferative Glumerulonephritis

A

Basement membrane thickened and increase in cell numbers

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7
Q

Glomeruloscerosis

A

End stage lesions of severe, glomerulus, shruken and fibrotic

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis

A

Immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli > Deposited immune complex attract complement > Complement is chemotaxic of inflammatory cells > Inflammatory cells release cytoplasmic enzymes > Inflammatory cells and mesangial cells secrete cytokines > Cytokines induce damage and mesangeal cell proliferation (MembranoP GN)

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9
Q

Antigens which cause glomerulonephritis

A

Aleutian disease on mink, EIA, canine heartworm

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10
Q

What is an Amyloid

A

Pathologic extracellular proteinaceous material

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11
Q

Consequence of glomerular disease

A

Proteinuria and Uremia

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12
Q

Two causes of tubular necrosis

A

Nephrotoxins and Ischemia

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13
Q

List some nephrotoxic agents

A

Raisins and grapes in dogs, copper toxicity in horses

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14
Q

Hypercalcemic nephropathy pathogenesis

A

Increase in high serum calcium (VitD tox, Neoplasm) > Functional tubular disturbance (rev) & mineralisation of parenchyma (irrev)

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15
Q

White spotted kidney of calves

A

Interstial nephrits caused by E.coli

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16
Q

Vaccine theory (interstial nephritis)

A

Feline vaccine virus grown in feline kidney cells > Virus and kidney cells injected into cat > Antibodes generated to both > Immune system attacks renal tubular cells > Interstital nephritis

17
Q

Interstial nephritis from leptospirosis

A

Gross - Swollen kidney +/- haemorrhages

Histo - Dense interstiital infiltrate of mixed inflammatory cells

18
Q

Two important causes of white lumps in the feline kidney are

A

FIP & Lymphosarcoma

19
Q

Renal circulatory disturbances

A

Infarcts, hypoperfusion and papillary necrosis

20
Q

Renal infarct are due to

A

Thromboemboli (acute and chronin)

21
Q

Papillary necrosis is caused by

A

NSAIDs, acute urinary obstruction, amyloidosis in cats, pyelonephritis

22
Q

Benign renal neoplasia

A

Renal adenoma and renal fibroma

23
Q

Malignant renal neoplasia

A

Renal carcinoma and nephroblastoma

24
Q

Metastatic renal neoplasia

A

Lymphosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma

25
Q

Benign bladder neoplasia

A

Papilloma

26
Q

Malignant bladder neoplasia

A

Transitional cell carcinoma and botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

27
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma

A

Obstruct ureters > hyronephrosis

Metastasize to local LN and lungs

28
Q

Botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Project into the neck of the bladder and cause urethral obstuction

29
Q

What is Hydronephrosis

A

Dilation of renal pelvis w/ atrophy of parenchyma

30
Q

Causes of Hydronephrosis

A

Urolithiasis, neoplasia, congenital abnormalities, iatrogenic ligation

31
Q

Any condition w/ abnormal urine flow will predispose

A

Pyelonephritis

32
Q

Common sites of urethral obstruction by urolithiasis

A

Ischial arch, sigmoid flexure, vermiform appendage, proximal end of os penis, entire urethra in male cats

33
Q

Uremia lessions

A

Ulcerative glossitis/stomatitis, Fibrous osteodystrophy, Fibrinoid vascular necrosis, Uremic mineralisation

34
Q

Lower urinary tract disease e.g.

A

Cystitis, Idiopathic Feline Urinary Tract Disease, Empphysematous cystitis and Enzootic hematuria in cattle

Systemic Pathology (14 decks)

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