Urinary

Question 1

Components of the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidney, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Question 2

Microscopic components of the kidney

Answer 2

Glomeruli, tubules, interstitum, vessels

Question 3

End stage kidneys

Answer 3

Destruction of all four components by chronic renal disease

Question 4

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

Basement membrane thickening

Question 5

Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

Increase cell numbers

Question 6

Membranoproliferative Glumerulonephritis

Answer 6

Basement membrane thickened and increase in cell numbers

Question 7

Glomeruloscerosis

Answer 7

End stage lesions of severe, glomerulus, shruken and fibrotic

Question 8

Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

Immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli > Deposited immune complex attract complement > Complement is chemotaxic of inflammatory cells > Inflammatory cells release cytoplasmic enzymes > Inflammatory cells and mesangial cells secrete cytokines > Cytokines induce damage and mesangeal cell proliferation (MembranoP GN)

Question 9

Antigens which cause glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

Aleutian disease on mink, EIA, canine heartworm

Question 10

What is an Amyloid

Answer 10

Pathologic extracellular proteinaceous material

Question 11

Consequence of glomerular disease

Answer 11

Proteinuria and Uremia

Question 12

Two causes of tubular necrosis

Answer 12

Nephrotoxins and Ischemia

Question 13

List some nephrotoxic agents

Answer 13

Raisins and grapes in dogs, copper toxicity in horses

Question 14

Hypercalcemic nephropathy pathogenesis

Answer 14

Increase in high serum calcium (VitD tox, Neoplasm) > Functional tubular disturbance (rev) & mineralisation of parenchyma (irrev)

Question 15

White spotted kidney of calves

Answer 15

Interstial nephrits caused by E.coli

Question 16

Vaccine theory (interstial nephritis)

Answer 16

Feline vaccine virus grown in feline kidney cells > Virus and kidney cells injected into cat > Antibodes generated to both > Immune system attacks renal tubular cells > Interstital nephritis

Question 17

Interstial nephritis from leptospirosis

Answer 17

Gross - Swollen kidney +/- haemorrhages

Histo - Dense interstiital infiltrate of mixed inflammatory cells

Question 18

Two important causes of white lumps in the feline kidney are

Answer 18

FIP & Lymphosarcoma

Question 19

Renal circulatory disturbances

Answer 19

Infarcts, hypoperfusion and papillary necrosis

Question 20

Renal infarct are due to

Answer 20

Thromboemboli (acute and chronin)

Question 21

Papillary necrosis is caused by

Answer 21

NSAIDs, acute urinary obstruction, amyloidosis in cats, pyelonephritis

Question 22

Benign renal neoplasia

Answer 22

Renal adenoma and renal fibroma

Question 23

Malignant renal neoplasia

Answer 23

Renal carcinoma and nephroblastoma

Question 24

Metastatic renal neoplasia

Answer 24

Lymphosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma

Question 25

Benign bladder neoplasia

Answer 25

Papilloma

Question 26

Malignant bladder neoplasia

Answer 26

Transitional cell carcinoma and botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 27

Transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 27

Obstruct ureters > hyronephrosis | Metastasize to local LN and lungs

Question 28

Botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 28

Project into the neck of the bladder and cause urethral obstuction

Question 29

What is Hydronephrosis

Answer 29

Dilation of renal pelvis w/ atrophy of parenchyma

Question 30

Causes of Hydronephrosis

Answer 30

Urolithiasis, neoplasia, congenital abnormalities, iatrogenic ligation

Question 31

Any condition w/ abnormal urine flow will predispose

Answer 31

Pyelonephritis

Question 32

Common sites of urethral obstruction by urolithiasis

Answer 32

Ischial arch, sigmoid flexure, vermiform appendage, proximal end of os penis, entire urethra in male cats

Question 33

Uremia lessions

Answer 33

Ulcerative glossitis/stomatitis, Fibrous osteodystrophy, Fibrinoid vascular necrosis, Uremic mineralisation

Question 34

Lower urinary tract disease e.g.

Answer 34

Cystitis, Idiopathic Feline Urinary Tract Disease, Empphysematous cystitis and Enzootic hematuria in cattle