Urinary Flashcards
Components of the urinary system
Kidney, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra
Microscopic components of the kidney
Glomeruli, tubules, interstitum, vessels
End stage kidneys
Destruction of all four components by chronic renal disease
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Basement membrane thickening
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis
Increase cell numbers
Membranoproliferative Glumerulonephritis
Basement membrane thickened and increase in cell numbers
Glomeruloscerosis
End stage lesions of severe, glomerulus, shruken and fibrotic
Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis
Immune complexes deposited in the glomeruli > Deposited immune complex attract complement > Complement is chemotaxic of inflammatory cells > Inflammatory cells release cytoplasmic enzymes > Inflammatory cells and mesangial cells secrete cytokines > Cytokines induce damage and mesangeal cell proliferation (MembranoP GN)
Antigens which cause glomerulonephritis
Aleutian disease on mink, EIA, canine heartworm
What is an Amyloid
Pathologic extracellular proteinaceous material
Consequence of glomerular disease
Proteinuria and Uremia
Two causes of tubular necrosis
Nephrotoxins and Ischemia
List some nephrotoxic agents
Raisins and grapes in dogs, copper toxicity in horses
Hypercalcemic nephropathy pathogenesis
Increase in high serum calcium (VitD tox, Neoplasm) > Functional tubular disturbance (rev) & mineralisation of parenchyma (irrev)
White spotted kidney of calves
Interstial nephrits caused by E.coli
Vaccine theory (interstial nephritis)
Feline vaccine virus grown in feline kidney cells > Virus and kidney cells injected into cat > Antibodes generated to both > Immune system attacks renal tubular cells > Interstital nephritis
Interstial nephritis from leptospirosis
Gross - Swollen kidney +/- haemorrhages
Histo - Dense interstiital infiltrate of mixed inflammatory cells
Two important causes of white lumps in the feline kidney are
FIP & Lymphosarcoma
Renal circulatory disturbances
Infarcts, hypoperfusion and papillary necrosis
Renal infarct are due to
Thromboemboli (acute and chronin)
Papillary necrosis is caused by
NSAIDs, acute urinary obstruction, amyloidosis in cats, pyelonephritis
Benign renal neoplasia
Renal adenoma and renal fibroma
Malignant renal neoplasia
Renal carcinoma and nephroblastoma
Metastatic renal neoplasia
Lymphosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma
Benign bladder neoplasia
Papilloma
Malignant bladder neoplasia
Transitional cell carcinoma and botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Obstruct ureters > hyronephrosis
Metastasize to local LN and lungs
Botryoid embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Project into the neck of the bladder and cause urethral obstuction
What is Hydronephrosis
Dilation of renal pelvis w/ atrophy of parenchyma
Causes of Hydronephrosis
Urolithiasis, neoplasia, congenital abnormalities, iatrogenic ligation
Any condition w/ abnormal urine flow will predispose
Pyelonephritis
Common sites of urethral obstruction by urolithiasis
Ischial arch, sigmoid flexure, vermiform appendage, proximal end of os penis, entire urethra in male cats
Uremia lessions
Ulcerative glossitis/stomatitis, Fibrous osteodystrophy, Fibrinoid vascular necrosis, Uremic mineralisation
Lower urinary tract disease e.g.
Cystitis, Idiopathic Feline Urinary Tract Disease, Empphysematous cystitis and Enzootic hematuria in cattle
