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Systemic Pathology > YR3 7 AS HO1 - Oral Cavity > Flashcards

YR3 7 AS HO1 - Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Name some congentital anomalies of the oral cavity

A

Cleft palate & harelip, Brachygnathia (superior & inferior), Prognathism, Agnathia, Epitheliogenesis imperfecta and Epidermolysis bullosa

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2
Q

Cleft palate (congenital) definition

A

Palatoschiosis - failure of fussion of the lateral palentine processes (can also be caused by toxin)

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3
Q

Cleft palate (congenital) sequelae

A

1) Starvation due to inability to creat a negative pressure in the mouth > failure to suckle 2) Aspiration pneumonia due to no separation between mouth and nasal cavities

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4
Q

Hare Lip (congenital) definition

A

Cheiloschiosis - failure of fussion of the upper lip along the midline or philtrum

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5
Q

Brachygnathia superior (congenital) definition

A

Shortness of the maxilla (Pig mouth) - Common in Dog, Pig

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6
Q

Brachygnathia inferior (congenital) definition

A

Shortness of the mandible (Bird mouth) - Common in Calves

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7
Q

Prognathism (congenital) definition

A

Abnormal prolongation of the mandibles - Common in Sheep

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8
Q

Agnathia (congenital) definition

A

Absence of the mandibles - Common anomaly in lambs

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9
Q

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta (congenital) definition

A

Widespread defects in the cutaneous epithelium, which also affects the epithelial lining of the tongue - Genetic; Cattle, Horses, Pigs

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10
Q

Epidermolysis bullosa (congenital) definition

A

Blistering of the skin in response to trauma - Genetic; Collie, Suffolks, South Down

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11
Q

Recall: What are the two congenital defects of the lip

A

Pataloschiosis & Cheiloschiosis

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12
Q

Recall: What are the four congenital defects of the jaw

A

Brachygnathia superior, brachygnathia inferior, prognathism and agnathia

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13
Q

Recall: What are two congenital defects of the tongue

A

Epitheliogenesis inferfecta and epidermolysis bullosa

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14
Q

Name some teeth anomalies

A

Dentigerous cysts, enamel hypoplasia, pigmentation and odontodystrophies

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15
Q

Dentigerous cyst definition

A

Epithelial-lined cystic structures in tissue, including the bone of the jaw due to dental dysgenesis

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16
Q

Dentigerous cyst sequelae

A

In horses, can result in painful fistulous tracts in the temporal region, rostral & ventral to the ear

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17
Q

Enamel hypoplasia definition

A

Lack of enamel of permanent - Causes; Canine distemper and necrosis of ameloblasts of permanent teeth before eruption, BVD or flurosis in Cattle.

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18
Q

Pigmentation definition

A

Chemicals which cause permenent discolouration of teeth - Cause; Tetracycline, congenital porphyria

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19
Q

Odontodystrophy definition

A

Abnormalities occurring during the period of tooth eruption

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20
Q

List six other tooth abnormalities

A

Abnormal attrition, plaque, calculus, caries, pulpitis and periodontal disease

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21
Q

Abnormal attrition definiton

A

Age associated dental wear results in improper mastication of feedstuff and malnutrition - Common in Horses referred to as “step mouth”

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22
Q

Calculus definition

A

Tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by the continual accumulation of minerals from saliva on plaque on the teeth

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23
Q

Caries definition

A

Tooth decay or cavity is an infection, bacterial acids that cause demineralisation and destruction of the hard tissues

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24
Q

Plaque definition

A

A pale yellow biofilm that develops naturally on teeth

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25
Q

Pulpitis definition

A

Inflammation of dental pulp tissue

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26
Q

Peridontal disease definition

A

Destruction of gingivial tissues and periodontal ligament by bacterial films residing on tooth surfaces.

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27
Q

Malocclusion definition

A

Misalignment of teeth

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28
Q

Glossal fimbrae definition

A

Fleshy, flat, 5-10mm epithelial projections from the edge of the tongue - Common; Newborn Piglets

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29
Q

What are the eight different types of inflammation of the oral cavity

A

Cheilitis (lip), Periodontitis (structures around the teeth), Pyorrhoea (teeth sockets), Gingivitis (gums), Glossitis (tongue), Stomatitis (mucous lining of the stracturs of the mouth), Pharyngitis (pharynx), Tonsilitis (tonsils)

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30
Q

What are the nine variations of inflammation that can occur in the mouth

A

Papular, vesicular, erosive, ulcerative, catarrhal, purulent, diphtheritic, necrotic, granulomatous

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31
Q

Give some examples of oral inflammation in cats

A

Eosinophilic granuloma, plasma cell pharyngitis, ulcerative glossitis in cat with snuffles

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32
Q

Give some examples of oral inflammation in dogs

A

Canine uraemia

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33
Q

Give some example of oral inflammation in horses

A

Follicular pharyngitis

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34
Q

Erosion definition

A

Loss of all or part of the thickness of the epidermis

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35
Q

Ulcer definition

A

Loss of epidermis & at least the superficial portion of dermis

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36
Q

Epilus definition

A

Gingival mass in the premolar/molar region. It can be hyperplastic/inflammaory/neoplastic. Originate from rest of Malassez. Two types are fibro-osseous (bone formation - the most common type) and Acanthamatous (destructive)

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37
Q

Give some example of tumors of dental origin

A

Epulis, odontoma, oral papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma

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38
Q

Melanoma definition

A

Malignant tumour of melanocytes

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39
Q

List five vesicular (stomatitides) disease

A

Foot-and-Mouth disease, Vesicular Stomatitis, Vesicular exanthema of swine, Swine Vesicular disease, Furocoumarins in parsnip leaves & celery

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40
Q

FMD is caused by what

A

Picornavirus

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41
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis is caused by what

A

Rhabdovirus

42
Q

Vesicular exanthema is cause by what

A

Calicivirus

43
Q

Swine Vesicular disease is caused by what

A

Enterovirus

44
Q

Man is the host for which vesicular diseases

A

FMD, VS and SVD

45
Q

Ruminants are the host for whichh vesicular diseases

A

FMD and VS

46
Q

Pigs are the hosts for which vesicular diseases

A

FMD, VS, VES and SVD

47
Q

Horses are the hosts for which vesicular diseases

A

VS

48
Q

Where is FMD found

A

Africa, Asia, Europe, S.Amer

49
Q

Where is VS found

A

Americas

50
Q

Where is VES found

A

USA

51
Q

Where is SVD found

A

Europe, Far East

52
Q

In terms of FMD, different animals are more subseptable and play different roles such as

A

Cattle (clinical host) > Pig (amplifier host) > Sheep (maintenance host) >Goats

53
Q

What are the gross lessions of vesicular stomatitis

A

Vesicles on the lips, buccal mucosa, tongue, nasal mucosa, esophagus and rumen

54
Q

What are the clinical signs with vesicular stomatitis

A

Salivation, lameness, fever, anorexia

55
Q

What are the microscopic lesions of vesicular stomatitis

A

Intracellular edema –> ballooning degeneration & cell lysis

56
Q

List causes of erosive and ulcerative stomatitis

A

Viruses: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea/Mucosal Disease, Rinderpest, MCF, Bluetongue

57
Q

BVD/MD is caused by what

A

Genus Pestivirus of the Flaviviridae

58
Q

BVD/MD affects which species

A

Cattle and Deer

59
Q

What gross lesions are seen with BVD/MD

A

Enamel hypoplasia, erosions on gums/tongue/palate, blunting of conical papillae on inside of lips, linear erosions on the mucosa of the oesophagus, lesions in the mucosa of forestomach & Ileum, exudative lesions on the coronets, heels of feet, caudal pasterns, interdigital skin, axillae, perineum & base of horns

60
Q

What are the consequnces of BVD/MD in pregnant animals

A

Abortions, mummified foetuses, still or premature births, weak or non viable calves (dummies)

61
Q

Necropsy of BVD/MD infected animals show

A

Cerebellar hypoplasis, retinal hypoplasia, cataracts, hypomyelinogenesis

62
Q

MD lesions are worse than BVD

A

Resemble rinderpest and acorn poisoning

63
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever is caused by what

A

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (wildebeest) and Ovine Herpesvirus 2 (sheep)

64
Q

MCF is type IV hypersensitivity reaction which causes

A

Necrotising fibrinoid vasculitis of medium sized arteries and veins (kidney, brain, gastrointestinal tract)

65
Q

MCF affects which species

A

Deer, Bison, Wild Bovids

66
Q

What are the gross lesions of MCF

A

Keratoconjunctivitis, enlarged LN & spleen, inflammed nasolabium, mouth, oesophagus, abomasum & upper respiratory tract, white spotted kidney, skin lesions like BVD/MD (More haemorrhagic around kidney and gut in deer)

67
Q

Signs of MCF is similar to

A

MD and rinderpest

68
Q

Rinderpest is caused by

A

Morbillivirus from Paramyxoviridae

69
Q

What gross lesions are seen with rinderpest

A

Healing ulcers on the dental pad, multiple small erosion on the mucosal surface, hard palate erosions

70
Q

Rinderpest lesions are similar to

A

MD, MCF and FMD

71
Q

Bluetongue is caused by

A

Orbivirus from Reoviridae

72
Q

Orbivirus is transmitted by

A

Culicoides midges

73
Q

Bluetongue affects which species

A

Sheep mainly

74
Q

What are the clincal signs of bluetongue

A

Hyperaemia & cyanosis on tongue, pulmonary oedema, hyperaemia with haemorrhages and torticollis

75
Q

What are the gross lesions seen with bluetongue

A

Petechiae on dental pad & on heel bulbs & coronet

76
Q

List causes of papular/ulcerative diseases

A

Bovine papular stomatitis (pseudocowpox) and Contagious ecthyma

77
Q

BPS and C.ecthyma are caused by

A

Parapox virus

78
Q

What is seen grossly with bovine papular stomatitis

A

Papules on the nares, muzzle, gums, buccal cavity, palate, tongue, esophagus, rumen & omasum

79
Q

What is seen microscopically with bovine papular stomatitis

A

Ballooning degeneration of the epithelium cells of the stratum spinosum

80
Q

BPS in humans causes papules of the hands and arms and is called

A

Milker’s nodules

81
Q

Contagious ecthyma is seen in which species

A

Sheep and Goat

82
Q

What is seen grossly with contagious ecthyma

A

Macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, scabs, scars & nodules in areas of skin abrasions including the corners of the mouth, mouth, udder, teats, coronary bands, & anus

83
Q

What is seen microscopically with contagious ecthyma

A

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

84
Q

In humans the disease is called

A

Orf

85
Q

List causes of bacterial and fungal stomatitis

A

Oral necrobacillosis (calf diphtheria), Actinobacillis (woody tongue), Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw), Thrush

86
Q

What is the cause of oral necobacillosis (necrotizing stomatitis)

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

87
Q

What are the lesions associated with necrobacillosis

A

Swollen cheeks, inappetence, fever, halitosis, yellow-grey round foci with core of necrotic debris seen in the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx or tongue.

88
Q

What is wooden tongue caused by

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

89
Q

What animals are affected by wooden tongue

A

Ruminants & Horses

90
Q

What lesions are seen with wooden tongue

A

Swollen face, increased firmness of tongue

91
Q

What is seen microscopically with wooden tongue

A

Granulomatous inflammation with sulphur granules in the tongue and regional LN

92
Q

What is lumpy jaw cause by

A

Actinomyces bovis

93
Q

What lesions are seen with lumpy jaw

A

Facial swelling due to mandibular osteomyelitis

94
Q

What is seen microscopically with lumpy jaw

A

Sulphur granules

95
Q

What causes thrush

A

Candida albicans

96
Q

In what animals does thrush occur

A

Ungulates & carnivores

97
Q

What predisposes thrush

A

Prolonged antibiotic treatment & immunodeficiency states; also systemic candidiasis

98
Q

List some disease of the salivary glands

A

Ranula, Salivary mucocele/sialocele, Sialothiasis

99
Q

What is ranula

A

Dilated sublingual or submandibular salivary duct

100
Q

Sialolithiasis occurs in which animal

A

Horses

101
Q

List the infectious diseases of the oral cavity

A

BVD/MD, MCF, Rinderpest, Bluetongue, BPS, Contagious ecthyma, Oral necrobacillosis, Actinobacillosis, Actinomycosis, Thrush

102
Q

Which two infectious disease of the oral cavity are zoonotic

A

Milker’s nodules and Orf

Systemic Pathology (14 decks)

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