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Systemic Pathology > YR3 20 SSEye > Flashcards

YR3 20 SSEye Flashcards

1
Q

Eyelid; compo.

A

Skin, Mucous membrane & Eyelashes

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2
Q

Eyelash Disorders

A

Distichiasis, Trichiasis, Entropian and Blepharitis

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3
Q

Eyelash Disorders - Distichiasis

A

Extra row of eyelashes

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4
Q

Eyelash Disorders - Trichiasis

A

Abnormally directed eyelashes

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5
Q

Eyelash Disorders - Entropian

A

Rolling in of eyelids e.g. Shar-pei

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6
Q

Eyelash Disorders - Inflammation

A

Blepharitis

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7
Q

Conjunctiva; types

A

Bulbar & Palpebral

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8
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

Conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Conjunctivitis; causes

A

Allergic, Irritant and Infectious Agents (feline herpesvirus, feline chlamydia, ovine chlamydia - ‘pink eye’)

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10
Q

Pink Eye - Sheep; agent

A

Ovine Chlamydia

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11
Q

Pink Eye - Rabbits; agent

A

Pasteurella multocida

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12
Q

Bulbar Conjunctiva Swelling

A

Chemosis

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13
Q

Chemosis - Cats; agent

A

Chlamydia infection

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14
Q

Third Eyelid aka

A

Nictating membrane

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15
Q

Nictating Membrane Disorders

A

Prolapse, Prolapse of the third eyelid gland, Congenital deformities and Trauma

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16
Q

Nictating Membrane Disorders - Prolapse; types

A

1)Unilateral e.g. retrobulbar mass, inflammation or 2)Bilateral e.g. ‘Haw’s syndrome’ in cats, tetanus in dogs

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17
Q

Nictating Membrane Disorders - Prolapse of 3rd Eyelid Gland

A

Cherry eye

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18
Q

Nictating Membrane Disorders - Congenital Deformity

A

Rolling in of the free margin

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19
Q

Haw’s Syndrome in Cats

A

Fever, diarrhoea and bilateral 3rd eyelid prolapse. Can last up to 6mths and resolve

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20
Q

Lacrimal Duct; funct.

A

Drains xs lacrimal secretions

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21
Q

Lacrimal Duct; disorders

A

Blockage by 1)Congenital stenosis or 2)Acquired strictures (often due to inflammation)

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22
Q

Cornea Disorders

A

Keratitis, Ulceration and Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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23
Q

Cornea Inflammation

A

Keratitis

24
Q

Keratitis; pathogenesis

A

Trauma/UV damage/Conjunctivitis > Leucocytes move in from conjunctiva > as part of the inflammatory response, vascularisation of the otherwise avascular cornea takes place > Blood vessels grow in from the conjunctiva or limbus (junct. Of cornea & sclera)

25
Q

Keratitis - Acute; gross

A

1)Cloudiness of cornea due to oedema and WBC 2)Prominent vessels at limbus

26
Q

Keratitis - Later; gross

A

1)Neovascularisation 2)Pigmentation (melanin) 3)+/- ulceration, rupture 4)Scarring

27
Q

Corneal Pigmentation aka

A

Melanosis

28
Q

Corneal Ulceration; types

A

Superficial and Deep

29
Q

Deep Corneal Ulcers; aka, define

A

Descemetocoele, when the ulcers expands through the stroma and exposes Descemet’s membrane (Descemet’s membrane does not pick up fluorescein

30
Q

Ulcerative Keratitis; causes

A

1) Infectious Agents - feline herpesvirus, bovine pink-eye
2) Trauma - cat scratch, foreign bodies, eyelashes
3) ‘Dry Eye’

31
Q

Pink Eye - Cow

A

Moraxella bovis

32
Q

Cornea Dryness; aka, cause

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - due to destruction of lacrimal glands > lack of tear production

33
Q

Keratoconjunctival sicca; causes

A

Immune mediated destruction of the lacrimal glands - Esp. Cocker spaniels

34
Q

Keratoconjunctival sicca; gross

A

Red Eye, Chronic - neovascularisation and corneal oedema and scarring

35
Q

Corneal Ulceration; sequelae

A

Corneal rupture or iris prolapse

36
Q

Miscellaneous conditions of the cornea

A

Dermoid and Corneal sequestrum

37
Q

Dermoid

A

Overgrowth of normal, non-cancerous tissue in an abnormal location

38
Q

Corneal Sequestrum

A

Sequestered pigmented piece of stroma surrounded by inflammation - Cats only; Persians, Siamese

39
Q

Lens; make up

A

Layers of protein containing fibres. Fibres contain high proportion of soluble crystalline proteins > translucent

40
Q

Lens; nutrition

A

Via Aqueous humor; No blood supply

41
Q

Lens; effects of aging on fibres

A

Aged fibres become desiccated (esp in the centre of lens > no longer translucent

42
Q

Lens Disorders

A

Nuclear sclerosis, lens luxation and cataract

43
Q

Nuclear sclerosis

A

Normal aging change of dogs due to condensed fibres in nucleus of lens

44
Q

Lens luxation

A

Displacement of the lens from its normal position

45
Q

Cataract; due to

A

Denaturing and clumping of the lens fibres

46
Q

Cataract; cause

A

1) Inherited
2) Aging
3) Diabetes (osmotic effect)
4) Galactose (e.g. fostering baby marsupials on cow’s milk)
5) Glaucoma

47
Q

Uvea

A

Vascular tunic of the eye

48
Q

Uvea; 3 parts

A

From front - Iris, ciliary, choroid

49
Q

Uvea - Disorders; types

A

Congenital and Acquired

50
Q

Uvea - Congenital Anomalies

A

Coloboma (defect/hole) - Uni or Bilateral

51
Q

Uvea - Acquired Disorders

A

1) Uveitis

2) Neoplasms

52
Q

Uveitis; causes

A

1) Infectious Agents - septicaemia, perforating wounds, feline infectious peritonitis
2) Lens induced (rupture of cataract or traumatised lens)
3) Immune mediated in horses (‘moon blindness’)

53
Q

Moon Blindness

A

Recurrent/periodic ophthalmitis. Possible immune response to lepto antigens

54
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intra-ocular pressure due to blockage from anterior chamber

55
Q

Eye Neoplasms

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (cows, horses), Meibomian adenoma (dogs), Iris melanoma

56
Q

Iris Melanoma

A

Malignant compared to benign Iris freckle. Dogs - locally invasive, Cats - very aggressive, metastasises

Systemic Pathology (14 decks)

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