YR12 - chapter 6 sleep Flashcards
consciousness
the level of awareness an individual has of their thoughts, feelings, perceptions,
and existence
psychological construct
an agreed upon description and understanding of psychological phenomena that cannot be overtly measured or observed
normal waking consciousness
a state of consciousness in which an individual is awake and aware
altered state of consciousness
a state of consciousness that is distinctly different from normal waking consciousness in terms of quality of experience and levels of awareness
Naturally occurring altered states of consciousness
a type
of altered state of consciousness that occurs without intervention
Induced altered states
of consciousness
a type of altered state of consciousness that occurs due to a purposeful
action or aid
consciousness continuum
a visual representation
of the different states
of consciousness that progress from lower levels of awareness to higher levels of awareness
sleep
a regular and naturally occurring altered state of consciousness that involves a loss
of awareness and disengagement
with internal and
external stimuli
rem sleep
a type of sleep characterised by rapid eye movement, high levels of brain activity, and low levels of physical activity
nrem sleep
a type of sleep characterised
by a lack of rapid eye movement and is subdivided into three different stages
sleep episode
the full duration of time spent asleep
sleep cycle
an approximately 90-minute-period that repeats during a sleep episode in which an individual progresses through stages of REM and NREM sleep
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
a device that detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity of the brain
Electromyograph (EMG)
a device that detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity of the
body’s muscles
Electro-oculograph (EOG)
a device that detects, amplifies, and records the electrical activity of the muscles responsible for eye movement
sleep diaries
a record containing self-reported descriptions from
an individual about
their sleeping periods, including an estimated time spent sleeping and judgements they might have about the quality and nature of sleep
video monitoring
the use of camera and audio technologies to record an individual as they sleep
biological rhythms
repeated biological processes that are regulated by
internal mechanisms
Circadian rhythms
biological and behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours
sleep wake cycle
a 24-hour-cycle that is made up of time spent sleeping and time spent awake and alert
Ultradian rhythms
biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
an area of the hypothalamus that is responsible for regulating an individual’s sleep-wake patterns
Pineal gland
a gland in the brain responsible for the production and release of melatonin
melatonin
a hormone released by the pineal gland typically at night-time to induce sleep as part of the sleep- wake cycle
scn process
- The SCN receives external cues. The SCN also receives internal cues.
- After receiving both internal and external cues, the SCN sends neural messages (signals) to the pineal gland to produce and release melatonin.
- The pineal gland releases melatonin into the bloodstream, which promotes feelings of calm and relaxation, therefore promoting sleep.
cortisol
a hormone that is responsible for increasing alertness and maintaining heightened arousal
neonatal period (1-15 days)
- During this period, sleep duration is the highest it will ever be in the lifespan. New-born babies sleep for approximately 16 hours.
- Approximately 50% of the sleep episode is REM sleep and approximately 50% is NREM sleep.
need 14-17, get 16-18hours
infancy (3-24 months)
Sleep duration decreases to approximately 13.5 hours.
* The proportion of REM and NREM sleep also changes to
approximately 35% REM sleep and approximately 65% NREM sleep.
need 12-15hrs, get 13.5hrs
childhood (2-14 yrs)
Sleep duration decreases again to approximately 11 hours.
* The proportion of NREM sleep increases slightly to around 80%
of the sleep episode, while REM sleep decreases to approximately
20% of the sleep episode.
* As the childhood period is a significant amount of time, there are
slight variations across this period. For example, sleep duration starts at around 12 hours when children are about two years old, and decreases to around 10 hours when children are about 14 years old. REM sleep also starts at around 25% of the sleep episode and decreases to around 18.5% of the sleep episode.
need 10-14 hours, get 11hrs
adolescence (14-18yrs)
Sleep duration decreases again to approximately 9 hours.
* The proportion of REM and NREM sleep remains fairly constant
at 20% REM and 80% NREM sleep.
* Adolescents also experience a biological delayed sleep onset by
1–2 hours, meaning they are more likely to become sleepier later and wake up later.
need 8-10hrs, get 9hours
young adulthood (18-30yrs)
- Sleep duration decreases again to approximately 7.75 hours.
- The proportion of REM and NREM sleep remains fairly constant at 20% REM and 80% NREM sleep.
need 7-9hrs, get 7.75hours
middle adulthood (30-75yrs)
- Sleep duration remains at approximately 7–8 hours.
- The proportion of REM and NREM sleep remains fairly constant at 20% REM and 80% NREM sleep.
need 7-9hours, get 7-8 hours
old age (75+yrs)
- Sleep duration continues to decrease to approximately 6 hours.
- The proportion of REM and NREM sleep remains fairly constant
at 20% REM and 80% NREM sleep. - Older adults tend to experience advanced sleep phase syndrome,
which is a biological shift forward in their sleep-wake cycle, meaning they become sleepier earlier and wake up earlier.
need 7-8hrs, get 6hrs
