Chapter 7 - Factors that influence behaviour

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

two or more people who interact and influence each other and share a common objective

Question 2

In-group

Answer 2

a group that an individual belongs to
or identifies with

Question 3

Out-group

Answer 3

a group that an individual does not belong to or identify with

Question 4

Norm

Answer 4

a standard, value, or rule that outlines an appropriate behaviour or experience

Question 5

Social identity theory

Answer 5

the tendency for people to favour their in-group over an out-group in order to enhance their sense of self-esteem

Question 6

Social loafing

Answer 6

an individual’s reduction in effort when work is performed in a group as compared to individually, due to the belief that others will put in the effort

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

the customs, behaviours, and values of a particular group in society

Question 8

Individualist culture

Answer 8

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of individuals and values independence

Question 9

Collectivist culture

Answer 9

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of groups

Question 10

Obedience

Answer 10

complying with commands which are often given by a source of authority

Question 11

factors that influence obedience

Answer 11

• Status of authority figure
• proximity
• group pressure

Question 12

Milgram’s experiment

Answer 12

The aim of Milgram’s experiment was to measure the extent to which individuals would obey the commands of an authority figure, even when those commands required inflicting pain and suffering on another individual.

Question 13

Social norms

Answer 13

society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

a psychological phenomenon in which assumed group unanimity overrules individuals’ realistic appraisal of consequences

Question 15

Group shift

Answer 15

a condition in which the influence
of the group causes an individual to adopt a more extreme position

Question 16

Deindividuation

Answer 16

the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity and individuality within a group

Question 17

Media

Answer 17

the forms in which information is communicated and spread throughout society

Question 18

Social connections

Answer 18

the network of people available to someone for support and engagement

positive - access to support, mobilise large groups

negative - pressure to stay connected, increased conformity

Question 19

Social comparison

Answer 19

a proposal that humans measure their self-worth in relation to the people around them, playing a significant role in mental wellbeing

positive - high self esteem, people with large following influences others

negative - unrealistic expectations and social comparisons

Question 20

Addictive behaviours

Answer 20

behaviours that are associated with a dependence upon a particular stimulus, despite negative consequences

• no positive consequences

Question 21

Information access

Answer 21

how easily information can be accessed by different people

positive - access information you like

negative - misinformation can spread quickly

Question 22

Independence

Answer 22

being free from the control or influence of others

Question 23

Self determination

Answer 23

engaging in behaviours without the influence of other people as an external force

Question 24

Self-determination theory

Answer 24

the concept that people achieve self-determination when three basic psychological needs
are met: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Question 25

Autonomy

Answer 25

the need to be able to
act authentically, based on individual choice and intrinsic motivation

Question 26

Competence

Answer 26

the need to feel as though you have the skills required to meaningfully carry out behaviours that affect your environment

Question 27

Relatedness

Answer 27

the need to feel a sense of attachment, connection to, and belonging with other people

Question 28

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 28

engaging in activities or behaviours for their external benefits

Question 29

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 29

engaging in activities or behaviours for their internal benefits

Question 30

Conformity

Answer 30

adjusting one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviours to match those of others, a social group, or a social situation

Question 31

Anti-conformity

Answer 31

a deliberate refusal to comply with social norms or standards for thoughts, feelings, or behaviours

Question 32

Reactance

Answer 32

a motivational state of distress and resistance, caused by a desire to regain personal freedom after it has been removed or threatened by external sources

Question 33

Individuation

Answer 33

when an individual’s identity and contributions to a group are noticeable

Question 34

Social support

Answer 34

(in relation to anti-conformity) when others hold a similar attitude or perspective to an individual

Question 35

Deviant subgroups

Answer 35

groups that hold values and norms that exist outside the dominant social norms in society