Chapter 7 - Factors that influence behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

Group

A

two or more people who interact and influence each other and share a common objective

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2
Q

In-group

A

a group that an individual belongs to
or identifies with

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3
Q

Out-group

A

a group that an individual does not belong to or identify with

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4
Q

Norm

A

a standard, value, or rule that outlines an appropriate behaviour or experience

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5
Q

Social identity theory

A

the tendency for people to favour their in-group over an out-group in order to enhance their sense of self-esteem

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6
Q

Social loafing

A

an individual’s reduction in effort when work is performed in a group as compared to individually, due to the belief that others will put in the effort

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7
Q

Culture

A

the customs, behaviours, and values of a particular group in society

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8
Q

Individualist culture

A

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of individuals and values independence

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9
Q

Collectivist culture

A

a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of groups

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10
Q

Obedience

A

complying with commands which are often given by a source of authority

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11
Q

factors that influence obedience

A
  • Status of authority figure
  • proximity
  • group pressure
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12
Q

Milgram’s experiment

A

The aim of Milgram’s experiment was to measure the extent to which individuals would obey the commands of an authority figure, even when those commands required inflicting pain and suffering on another individual.

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13
Q

Social norms

A

society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act

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14
Q

Groupthink

A

a psychological phenomenon in which assumed group unanimity overrules individuals’ realistic appraisal of consequences

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15
Q

Group shift

A

a condition in which the influence
of the group causes an individual to adopt a more extreme position

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16
Q

Deindividuation

A

the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity and individuality within a group

17
Q

Media

A

the forms in which information is communicated and spread throughout society

18
Q

Social connections

A

the network of people available to someone for support and engagement

positive - access to support, mobilise large groups

negative - pressure to stay connected, increased conformity

19
Q

Social comparison

A

a proposal that humans measure their self-worth in relation to the people around them, playing a significant role in mental wellbeing

positive - high self esteem, people with large following influences others

negative - unrealistic expectations and social comparisons

20
Q

Addictive behaviours

A

behaviours that are associated with a dependence upon a particular stimulus, despite negative consequences

  • no positive consequences
21
Q

Information access

A

how easily information can be accessed by different people

positive - access information you like

negative - misinformation can spread quickly

22
Q

Independence

A

being free from the control or influence of others

23
Q

Self determination

A

engaging in behaviours without the influence of other people as an external force

24
Q

Self-determination theory

A

the concept that people achieve self-determination when three basic psychological needs
are met: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

25
Q

Autonomy

A

the need to be able to
act authentically, based on individual choice and intrinsic motivation

26
Q

Competence

A

the need to feel as though you have the skills required to meaningfully carry out behaviours that affect your environment

27
Q

Relatedness

A

the need to feel a sense of attachment, connection to, and belonging with other people

28
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

engaging in activities or behaviours for their external benefits

29
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

engaging in activities or behaviours for their internal benefits

30
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviours to match those of others, a social group, or a social situation

31
Q

Anti-conformity

A

a deliberate refusal to comply with social norms or standards for thoughts, feelings, or behaviours

32
Q

Reactance

A

a motivational state of distress and resistance, caused by a desire to regain personal freedom after it has been removed or threatened by external sources

33
Q

Individuation

A

when an individual’s identity and contributions to a group are noticeable

34
Q

Social support

A

(in relation to anti-conformity) when others hold a similar attitude or perspective to an individual

35
Q

Deviant subgroups

A

groups that hold values and norms that exist outside the dominant social norms in society