YR12 - ch7 sleep

Question 1

full sleep deprivation

Answer 1

when an individual has no sleep within a 24-hour- period

Question 2

sleep deprivation

Answer 2

inadequate quantity and/ or quality of sleep

Question 3

partial sleep deprivation

Answer 3

when an individual sleeps for some duration within a 24-hour-period, but the sleep duration is too short, or the quality of sleep is poor

Question 4

affective effects of sleep deprivation

Answer 4

the changes in emotions and emotional responses
that arise from sleep deprivation

Question 5

examples of affective effects

Answer 5

• poor emotional regulation = amplified emotional responses
• irritability and moodiness
• increase in negative emotions
• reduced ability to cope with stress
• difficulty judging other people’s emotions
• reduced empathy towards others
• impaired ability to appropriately respond to situations = people may overreact (emotionally)
• increase in aggression and impatience
• increase in mood swings.

Question 6

behavioural effects of sleep deprivation

Answer 6

the changes in actions and the ability to control them that arise from sleep deprivation

Question 7

examples of behavioural effects

Answer 7

• sleep inertia (sense of disorientation after waking)
• excessive sleepiness during the day
• increased likelihood of engaging in risk-taking behaviours
• fatigue/lack of energy
• slowed reaction time
• reduced efficiency; thus, it takes more time to complete tasks
• reduced motor control and heightened clumsiness, contributing to higher rates of accidents and injuries
• involuntary lapses into microsleeps (where the individual briefly falls asleep for a few seconds without awareness of doing so)
• diminished social functioning and impaired control of behaviour.

Question 8

cognitive effects of sleep deprivation

Answer 8

the changes in mental processes that arise from sleep deprivation

Question 9

examples of cognitive effects

Answer 9

• reduced concentration
• impairment of short-term memory; thus, diminishing the ability to actively process and mentally manipulate information
• diminished ability to perform cognitive tasks, particularly as the duration of the task increases
• lapses in attention
• impaired decision-making processes and problem-solving abilities
• diminished creativity and ability to utilise abstract thought
• reduced retention of information; thus, impaired learning and memory processes
• irrational and/or illogical thinking
• more time spent analysing situations and a greater likelihood of overlooking important details
• impaired visual and spatial ability.

Question 10

blood alcohol concentration

Answer 10

a measure of how much alcohol is in a person’s bloodstream

Question 11

BAC details

Answer 11

• BAC is 0.05, there are 0.05 grams of alcohol for every 100 millilitres of blood in that person’s body.
• alcohol is a depressant drug, slows down the nervous system and decrease alertness, concentration, reflexes, and decision-making.

Question 12

BAC and sleep deprivation equivalent

Answer 12

a BAC of 0.05 is roughly equivalent to 17 hours of sleep deprivation (partial sleep deprivation).
a BAC of 0.10 is roughly equivalent to 24 hours of sleep deprivation (full sleep deprivation).

Question 13

Affective effects of sleep deprivation compared to BAC

Answer 13

• sleep deprivation negatively affects emotional functioning, whereas alcohol can make people feel many emotions in the short term like happy, excited, angry or sad
• long term, it has a dulling effect on emotions
• both alter experiences of emotions
• difficulty judging the emotions of others and experiencing more amplified emotional responses.

Question 14

Cognitive effects of sleep deprivation compared to BAC

Answer 14

slower mental processes, such as reduced speed in processing and understanding information
* decreased ability to reason and problem solve
* greater difficulty making sense of the world
* reduced ability to make decisions quickly and effectively
* cognitive distortions.

Question 15

sleep disorders

Answer 15

disturbances to typical sleeping and waking patterns

Question 16

circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Answer 16

sleep disorders that interfere with the typical regulation of the circadian rhythm of sleep, leading to a change in the sleep-wake cycle

Question 17

causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorders

Answer 17

fundamentally caused by a disruption to the typical sleep-wake cycle. This can be due to a biological issue, such as the sleep-wake shift that occurs in adolescents, or lifestyle changes, such as shift work.

Question 18

effects

Answer 18

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders tend to result in an individual experiencing some form of sleep deprivation. Therefore, an individual may experience:
* amplified emotional responses * fatigue
* irritability
* reduced ability to concentrate.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders can also be disruptive to an individual’s lifestyle. Sleeping and waking at abnormal times can result in an individual being late for certain commitments, such as school, or feeling sleepy at abnormal times, which makes it difficult to complete daily tasks.

Question 19

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS)

Answer 19

a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur later than usual

caused by a misalignment between external and internal cues that regulate the circadian rhythm. Specifically, external cues are being received at an appropriate time, while internal cues are not.

Question 20

Advanced sleep phase disorder (ASPD)

Answer 20

a type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder in which sleep and waking occur earlier than usual

caused by a misalignment between external and internal cues that regulate the circadian rhythm. Specifically, external cues are being received at an appropriate time, while internal cues are not.

Question 21

shift work

Answer 21

an occupation that involves working at unusual hours, such as working overnight

Question 22

effects of shift work

Answer 22

• insomnia
• fragmented sleep
• circadian rhythm phase disorder. External cues from the environment are out of sync with shift work requirements
• quality and quantity of sleep can be adversely affected.

Question 23

bright light therapy

Answer 23

a method used to adjust a person’s circadian rhythm through exposure to a high-intensity light source

Question 24

requirements of bright light therapy

Answer 24

• don’t look directly into the light
• right amount of light
• right time of exposure sessions

Question 25

bright light therapy for disorders

Answer 25

DSPS - morning

ASPD - evening

Shift work - before shift, but depends on schedule and shift timing