Chapter 3 - Psychological development p2 Flashcards
Typical behaviour
an activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves
Atypical behaviour
an activity that is unusual or unnatural according to how an individual usually behaves
Psychological criteria (SSCMP)
(in relation to typicality) standards against which a judgement can be made about a person’s behaviour and abilities
Crit 1 - Cultural perspectives
the influence of society and community on one’s thoughts
strength = can take into account different cultural contexts
limitations = collective evaluation, not individual, hard to do in multicultural society
Crit 2 - Social norms
society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act
strength - acts as a baseline to compare behaviours
limitation - depend on context
Crit 3 - statistical rarity
something that lies outside the range of statistical normality and is also unusual enough to be considered significant
strength - provides an objective perspective
limitation - not all are damaging or negative, difficult to apply to abstract contexts
Crit 4 - Personal Distress
an aversive and often self-oriented emotional reaction
strength - used as indicator when nothing else can, visual indication
limitation - can be concealed
Crit 5 - Maladaptive behaviour
an action that impairs an individual’s ability to meet the changing demands of their everyday life
strength - enables consideration of consequences of actions
limitation - “maladaptive” is subjective
Normality
the state of having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable
Abnormality
the state of deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable
Neurotypicality
a term used to describe individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning that is typical or expected
Neurodiversity
variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people, such as those experienced by people with autism
Adaptive
being able to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively
Maladaptive
being unable to adapt to the environment appropriately and function effectively
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by impaired social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication difficulties, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviour
strengths - attention to detail, superior retention of facts, see world from unique perspective
challenges - unable to make or keep eye contact, unable to read facial expressions, getting distressed by minor changes to routine
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
a neurological condition characterised by persistent inattention or hyperactivity that disrupts social, academic, or occupational functioning
strengths - hyper focusing on task, creative approaches, enthusiasm
challenges - time management, staying concentrated, impulsivity
Dyslexia
a neurologically based learning difficulty manifested as severe challenges in reading, spelling, writing words, and sometimes in arithmetic
strength - strong memory, puzzle solving skills, spatial awareness
challenges - difficulties reading or writing, slower learning, lack of confidence
Mental wellbeing
an individual’s current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions
Psychological development
an individual’s changes in functioning across multiple domains, including the life-long growth across emotional, cognitive, and social domains
Mental health workers
Mental health workers
members of a mental health treatment team who assist in providing a wide range of services and care for patients with psychological or social problems
Psychologist
an individual who is professionally trained in one or more branches or subfields of psychology
Psychiatrist
a doctor who specialises in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and study of mental, behavioural, and personality disorders
Mental health organisation
a company or group that works to address or advocate for mental health, such as through providing support or specialised services
Culturally responsive practices
acting in ways that respond to the needs of diverse communities and demonstrating an openness to new ideas that may align with different cultural ideas, beliefs, and values
