Chapter 3 - Psychological development p2

Question 1

Typical behaviour

Answer 1

an activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves

Question 2

Atypical behaviour

Answer 2

an activity that is unusual or unnatural according to how an individual usually behaves

Question 3

Psychological criteria (SSCMP)

Answer 3

(in relation to typicality) standards against which a judgement can be made about a person’s behaviour and abilities

Question 4

Crit 1 - Cultural perspectives

Answer 4

the influence of society and community on one’s thoughts

strength = can take into account different cultural contexts

limitations = collective evaluation, not individual, hard to do in multicultural society

Question 5

Crit 2 - Social norms

Answer 5

society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act

strength - acts as a baseline to compare behaviours

limitation - depend on context

Question 6

Crit 3 - statistical rarity

Answer 6

something that lies outside the range of statistical normality and is also unusual enough to be considered significant

strength - provides an objective perspective

limitation - not all are damaging or negative, difficult to apply to abstract contexts

Question 7

Crit 4 - Personal Distress

Answer 7

an aversive and often self-oriented emotional reaction

strength - used as indicator when nothing else can, visual indication

limitation - can be concealed

Question 8

Crit 5 - Maladaptive behaviour

Answer 8

an action that impairs an individual’s ability to meet the changing demands of their everyday life

strength - enables consideration of consequences of actions

limitation - “maladaptive” is subjective

Question 9

Normality

Answer 9

the state of having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable

Question 10

Abnormality

Answer 10

the state of deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable

Question 11

Neurotypicality

Answer 11

a term used to describe individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning that is typical or expected

Question 12

Neurodiversity

Answer 12

variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people, such as those experienced by people with autism

Question 13

Adaptive

Answer 13

being able to adjust to the environment appropriately and function effectively

Question 14

Maladaptive

Answer 14

being unable to adapt to the environment appropriately and function effectively

Question 15

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 15

a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by impaired social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication difficulties, narrow interests, and repetitive behaviour

strengths - attention to detail, superior retention of facts, see world from unique perspective

challenges - unable to make or keep eye contact, unable to read facial expressions, getting distressed by minor changes to routine

Question 16

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 16

a neurological condition characterised by persistent inattention or hyperactivity that disrupts social, academic, or occupational functioning

strengths - hyper focusing on task, creative approaches, enthusiasm

challenges - time management, staying concentrated, impulsivity

Question 17

Dyslexia

Answer 17

a neurologically based learning difficulty manifested as severe challenges in reading, spelling, writing words, and sometimes in arithmetic

strength - strong memory, puzzle solving skills, spatial awareness

challenges - difficulties reading or writing, slower learning, lack of confidence

Question 18

Mental wellbeing

Answer 18

an individual’s current psychological state, involving their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions

Question 19

Psychological development

Answer 19

an individual’s changes in functioning across multiple domains, including the life-long growth across emotional, cognitive, and social domains

Question 20

Mental health workers

Answer 20

Mental health workers
members of a mental health treatment team who assist in providing a wide range of services and care for patients with psychological or social problems

Question 21

Psychologist

Answer 21

an individual who is professionally trained in one or more branches or subfields of psychology

Question 22

Psychiatrist

Answer 22

a doctor who specialises in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and study of mental, behavioural, and personality disorders

Question 23

Mental health organisation

Answer 23

a company or group that works to address or advocate for mental health, such as through providing support or specialised services

Question 24

Culturally responsive practices

Answer 24

acting in ways that respond to the needs of diverse communities and demonstrating an openness to new ideas that may align with different cultural ideas, beliefs, and values